Metagenomic Analysis of the Virome of Mosquito Excreta.

Traditional screening for arboviruses in mosquitoes requires knowledge and the utilization of appropriate assays for their detection. Mosquitoes can also provide other valuable information, including unexpected or novel arboviruses, nonarboviral pathogens ingested from hosts they feed on, and their own genetic material. Metagenomic analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a rapidly advancing technology that allows us to potentially obtain all this information from a mosquito sample without any prior knowledge of virus, host, or vector.

Development and Field Evaluation of a System to Collect Mosquito Excreta for the Detection of Arboviruses.

Mosquito-borne diseases are a major public health concern globally and early detection of pathogens is critical to implement vector management and control strategies. Existing methods for pathogen detection include screening sentinel animals for antibodies and analyzing mosquitoes for pathogen presence. While these methods are effective, they are also expensive, labor-intense, and logistically challenging.

Modifying the Biogents Sentinel Trap to Increase the Longevity of Captured Aedes aegypti.

Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a vector of viruses causing dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever and subsequently pose a significant global threat to public health. While sampling live mosquitoes is useful for surveillance purposes, most traps targeting Aedes kill captured mosquitoes.

Searching for the proverbial needle in a haystack: advances in mosquito-borne arbovirus surveillance.

Surveillance is critical for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne arboviruses. Detection of elevated or emergent virus activity serves as a warning system to implement appropriate actions to reduce outbreaks. Traditionally, surveillance of arboviruses has relied on the detection of specific antibodies in sentinel animals and/or detection of viruses in pools of mosquitoes collected using a variety of sampling methods.

[Social practices in the medicalization and humanization of prenatal care].

The study's main objective is to analyze how discourses of medicalization and humanization reconnect in primary healthcare and shape prenatal care for pregnant women provided by family health teams. This was a single and integrated case study with multiple analytical units and a qualitative approach. A total of 17 focus groups were performed, in which 47 health professionals were heard (14 physicians, 19 nurses, and 14 dentists), members of 17 family health teams in 16 municipalities in the South of Brazil.

Development, Optimization, and Field Evaluation of the Novel Collapsible Passive Trap for Collection of Mosquitoes.

Disease surveillance for mosquito-borne pathogens in remote areas can be challenging. Most traps used to collect mosquitoes either need a source of electricity or are bulky and inflexible, making transportation awkward. To reduce these issues we developed three Collapsible Passive Traps (CPTs) and conducted trials in Cairns, Australia to evaluate the optimal design for a CPT and compared them to traditionally-used traps such as Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Encephalitis Vector Surveillance (EVS) light traps.

[Natural, normal, and friendly, childbirth: homonymous terms].

This qualitative investigation discusses homonymy of the terms natural, normal, and friendly childbirth and their effects on childbirth care. Under the perspective of the contemporary cultural theories and gender studies, the Program for Humanizing labor and delivery are analyzed, based on the contents of semi-structured interviews with physicians and nurses of a training hospital in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This article highlights and explores convergences, ambiguities, overlaps, and conflicts among these three delivery types, indicating polysemies, and blurring of boundaries among terms and inside each term, which influence care.

[Colective process of knowledge production in health: an overview in hospital nursing practice].

The article presents some reflections based on the authors'participation in a workshop when the subject: colective processes of knowledge production in health was discussed. Based on other authors' ideas such as Michel Focault and Norbert Elias, the author's discussion concerns some dimensions over that process in a particular knowledge considering the hospital setting and also the position of specific nursing know-how in the context of professional practice (nursing records), with central focus in the work, the disease, and the sick body. In that direction the text is structured around three inter-related/dependent central questions: which knowledge configure nursing know how in hospital context? Which registered knowledge reinforce, legitimate and feed-back the nursing know how? How does this process occur, what and for who are those effects?

["You learn, we teach"? Questioning relations between education and health from the perspective of vulnerability].

This article explores the meanings associated with the motto used in a World No-Tobacco Day campaign to stimulate a discussion of the principal underlying messages in the field of health education in Brazil. The study focuses on the concept of vulnerability to contextualize and explore its interfaces with education in order to highlight the theoretical, practical, and political productivity of the link between health education and studies on vulnerability. In conclusion, the necessary renewal of health practices in general and health education practices in particular can benefit tremendously from the vulnerability reference, to the extent that it demarcates a new horizon for situating and linking risks, "causalities", and "determinations", drawing health--as well as the possibility of illness--into the field of real life, into the world of inter-subjective relations, where these processes gain unique meanings.

[Re-signification of the human in the context of the "ciborgzation": a look at the human being-machine relationship in intensive care].

This study discusses the human being-machine relationship in the process called "cyborgzation" of the nurse who works in intensive care, based on post-structuralist Cultural Studies and highlighting Haraway's concept of cyborg. In it, manuals used by nurses in Intensive Care Units have been examined as cultural texts. This cultural analysis tries to decode the various senses of "human" and "machine", with the aim of recognizing processes that turn nurses into cyborgs.

[Safe sex negotiation on TV: gender discourses among female community health workers under the Family Health Program in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].

This paper analyzes the understanding among female community health workers in the Family Health Program in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, concerning the notion of safe sex negotiation promoted by the Brazilian government in AIDS prevention campaigns targeting women. The paper is based on empirical data gathered in 2003. The study focused on TV advertisements used in campaigns by the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 1994 to 2000.

[Gender theory and politics: historical fragments and current challenges].

This text approaches contemporary gender theories and politics focusing on the tensions permeating these theories. It briefly revisits historical aspects to introduce an understanding of the to the concept of gender in the field of Feminist Studies, and discusses the theoretical and political developments associated with its use. It presents some results from investigations that make the positions of the subject of woman, and particularly the subject of mother, problematic in discourses running through current health and education policies and programs.

[Curricular guidelines and pedagogical projects: starting a reflection].

This text presents some reflections which we intend to use as subsidies for discussions stemming from the need to implement the current Curricular Guidelines in undergraduate Nursing programs in Brazil. Having as a reference authors who write from a post-critic perspective in Education, the text proposes a change in focus to address these reflections, namely, answers to questions, from certainty to doubt, from prescription to problematization. Following this line, we suggest that curricular guidelines should aim at providing references for the creation of political-pedagogical projects which articulate both with the political and social demands of the broad-based society as to local needs and interests, without attaching to or submitting to them.

[Sick bodies textualized through images: what contemporary intensive care units can teach us].

This paper belongs to a dissertation in which, what we have call "nursing worker cyborgizing" in intensive therapy is discussed. In order to carry out this discussion we based our work on cultural theorizing, as well as on Donna Haraway understanding of cyborg. For the corpses analysis manuals and assistance protocols were used.

Breastfeeding policies and the production of motherhood: a historical-cultural approach.

This paper revisits some of the aspects that allow us to situate historically the process that has been called the 'politicization of women's breasts'. It is part of a broader research project being undertaken in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, which is studying information from the educational material used in the National Campaign for the Incentive of Breastfeeding. The methodological approach used is cultural analysis, and its theoretical basis is informed by feminist studies and cultural studies, from a poststructuralist perspective.

[How to integrate humanization and technology in nursing training].

This paper discusses the current incorporation of the subject of humanization of care in the current context of Brazilian nursing. The relation between nursing and technology is approached, in this study, from a historical perspective. The study also develops the proposition of "human re-signification", having as reference the concept of Cyborg, considering the way this concept has been employed in the contemporary cultural and feminist theoretical framework.

Up-regulation of the chemokine receptor CCR7 in classical but not in lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin disease correlates with distinct dissemination of neoplastic cells in lymphoid organs.

Chemokines and chemokine receptors are key mediators for regulating cell traffic and positioning in both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. It is also presumed that chemokines and their receptors are likely to play a critical role in the localization of malignant hematopoietic cells in their target organs. This study analyzed chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in several Hodgkin disease (HD)-derived cell lines and in HD tumors.