Behaviorally informed digital campaigns and their association with social media engagement and COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Belize.

Background: Increasing vaccination coverage was key to curbing the COVID-19 pandemic globally. However, lack of trust in the vaccine and fear of side effects in regions like the Caribbean resulted in a low uptake despite enough vaccine supply.

Methods: We conducted two correlational analyses and one experiment between five sequential behaviorally informed Facebook campaigns, social media performance outcomes, and district-level vaccination data.

Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination in Belize.

Background: We analyzed the factors associated with vaccine uptake, vaccination intention, and reasons for vaccine hesitancy in Belize.

Methods: We collected a nationally representative household survey of the population in Belize aged 15 years and older (September-October 2021). We compared potential correlates between vaccinated and unvaccinated people using Chi-square tests.

[Intimate Partner Violence and Early Childhood DevelopmentViolência por parceiro íntimo e desenvolvimento na primeira infância].

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of different types of intimate partner violence and estimate how this relates to child development in a low-income country in Latin America. The relationship between intimate partner violence and childcare practices, including the use of physical punishment, was also examined.

Methods: An observational study was conducted using data collected as a baseline for an impact evaluation of the National Early Childhood Program in Nicaragua between 2013 and 2014.

Perioperative group and save testing are not routinely indicated for emergency laparoscopic appendicectomy and laparoscopic hernia repairs: A North West London retrospective study.

Introduction: Two valid group and saves are commonly required for patients undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy and laparoscopic hernia repairs preoperatively; however, perioperative blood transfusions are seldom required. This is financially burdensome and frequently leads to delays in theatre lists. We performed a retrospective analysis to investigate blood transfusions performed perioperatively and within 28 days of these procedures.

Use of online and paper-and-pencil questionnaires to assess the distribution of orthorexia nervosa, muscle dysmorphia and eating disorders among university students: can different approaches lead to different results?

Purpose: Administration of questionnaires to assess the diffusion of disordered eating behaviours via the web is becoming common today. The aim of this study is to assess whether two different approaches of administering a test to assess traits of eating disorders (EDs), orthorexia nervosa (ON) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) by email recruitment and online completion (web-based survey-WBS) and by in person recruitment and paper-and-pencil completion (paper-based survey-PBS), gives different results.

Methods: During 2 consecutive academic years, a self-reported questionnaire consisting of questions about personal characteristics and three tests for the evaluation of ON (ORTO-15), MD (MDDI-ITA), and EDs (EAT-26) were administered to two groups of undergraduates, respectively, as a WBS and a PBS.

Hippocampal volumes in anorexia nervosa at different stages of the disorder.

Introduction: Hippocampus is involved in a range of cognitive and behavioural processes, and its volume has been found to be reduced in different psychiatric disorders. The present study aims at exploring hippocampal volumes in anorexia nervosa (AN) at different stages of the disorder (a few months after onset, more than 1 year after onset and after recovery).

Methods: Two samples were included in the present study.

From the patients' perspective: what it is like to suffer from eating disorders.

The available treatments of Eating Disorders (EDs) mirror an excessive focus on symptoms to be eliminated rather than on the acknowledgment of what is relevant from the patient's perspective. This Editorial offers a critical review of the limitations of the DSM-5-oriented approaches, as well as of their extreme consequences, namely ocularcentrism, nosographism, and paternalistic moralism. To overcome these limitations, it is suggested to get back to Psychopathology as the basic science of psychiatric practice whose aim is to grasp the distinctly personal dimension of the patient's experience and to connect understanding with care.

The song of Anorexia Nervosa: a specific evoked potential response to musical stimuli in affected participants.

Purpose: Research applying electroencephalography (EEG) to Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is still limited, even though in other psychiatric disorders EEG has permitted to find out the hallmarks of the disorder. The aim of the study was to explore whether EEG basal activity and reactivity to musical stimulation differ in participants with AN as compared to healthy subjects (HS).

Methods: Twenty female participants (respectively 10 with AN and 10 healthy controls) were administered a battery of psychometric tests and underwent EEG under three different conditions: (1) at baseline; (2) after a generic music stimulation; and (3) after a favorite musical stimulation.

Donut Mastopexy Lumpectomy.

Advancements in oncoplastic techniques have enhanced commitment to restore shape and, hence, has improved cosmetic outcomes. Donut mastopexy lumpectomy is one such technique and is best utilized in a setting of a malignancy not extending to the skin or the nipple-areolar complex. As a potential alternative to standard lumpectomy, it has many advantages including restriction of scar to the periareolar region, ease and rapidity of surgery, retention of nipple-areolar sensation, and the possibility of performing augmentation mammoplasty.

Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder: a Case Report.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma is an extremely rare aggressive tumor variant comprising about 0.3% of all primary tumors of the urinary bladder and carries an overall dismal prognosis. Diagnosis is important and is sometimes difficult.

Primary Osteosarcoma of the Breast.

Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are extremely rare and account for < 1% of the soft tissue sarcomas. Most common site is in soft tissues of the lower extremities. Primary osteosarcomas of the breast are extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported in literature.

Brachial Plexus Injury After Right Hepatectomy.

Iatrogenic nerve palsies due to faulty positioning on the operating table are commonly seen over the elbow and popliteal fossa. However, injury to the brachial plexus (BP) is rarely encountered and is a recently reported phenomenon due to the increasing number of complex surgeries including hepatobiliary surgical procedures. Brachial plexus injury (BPI) needs to be recognized as a potential complication of prolonged abdominal surgery.

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Duodenum: a Rare Entity.

Adenosquamous carcinomas (ASC) of the duodenum are extremely rare neoplasms. They have been reported throughout gastrointestinal tract, including the gastroesophageal junction and the anal canal. Only a few cases of ASC of the small bowel and duodenum have been reported in the literature.

The relationship between cortical thickness and body mass index differs between women with anorexia nervosa and healthy controls.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by extreme underweight. Studies conducted with structural MRI found reductions in brain volumes in several areas, but results are mixed. Cortical thickness has shown in other samples specific correlations with BMI in different BMI ranges.

Exploring personality clusters among parents of ED subjects. Relationship with parents' psychopathology, attachment, and family dynamics.

Background: Eating disorders are some of the most difficult mental disorders to treat and manage. Family interacts with genetic dispositions and other pathogenic factors, and may influence the outburst, development and outcome of EDs. The present study explores with a cluster analysis the personality traits of parents of ED subjects.

Hypomania across the binge eating spectrum. A study on hypomanic symptoms in full criteria and sub-threshold binge eating subjects.

Backgrounds: Obese subjects affected by binge eating can be distinguished between those showing full criteria Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and those who show binge eating of insufficient frequency to satisfy DSM criteria, or sub-threshold BED (s-BED). The present paper aims to investigate whether subjects with BED full criteria show more hypomanic symptoms than those with s-BED, after controlling for personality variables as potential confounders.

Methods: The Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were administered to 103 obese patients with binge eating.

Vaginal mass with urinary incontinence: a rare presentation.

To our knowledge, there are only few published cases of benign renal AML presenting with tumor thrombus in females. We present a new case of this uncommon complication of a benign renal tumor.Epithelioid angiomyolipoma is a recently described rare variant of renal angiomyolipoma.

Benign renal angiomyolipoma with inferior vena cava thrombosis.

Objective: To present a new case of an uncommon complication of a benign renal tumor. To our knowledge, there are only few published cases of benign renal angiomyolipoma (AML) presenting with tumor thrombus in females. Epithelioid angiomyolipoma is a recently described rare variant of renal angiomyolipoma.

Epithelial cyst of the spleen.

This is a report of a case of epithelial cyst of the spleen in an 8-year-old boy. The cyst showed squamous metaplasia on histology. The risk of malignant transformation is discussed.

Parental bonding and eating psychopathology in bulimia nervosa: personality traits as possible mediators.

Aims: The relationship between eating disorders, attachment, personality traits and eating psychopathology remains unexplored. This study tested the mediating role of temperament and character between parental bonding and psychopathology in bulimic women.

Methods: 154 bulimic subjects and 154 healthy controls were compared using Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).