Dapagliflozin-lowered blood glucose reduces respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in diabetic mice.

Background And Purpose: Hyperglycaemia increases glucose concentrations in airway surface liquid and increases the risk of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. We determined whether reduction of blood and airway glucose concentrations by the anti-diabetic drug dapagliflozin could reduce P. aeruginosa growth/survival in the lungs of diabetic mice.

Hydrogen sulfide decreases β-adrenergic agonist-stimulated lung liquid clearance by inhibiting ENaC-mediated transepithelial sodium absorption.

In pulmonary epithelia, β-adrenergic agonists regulate the membrane abundance of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and, thereby, control the rate of transepithelial electrolyte absorption. This is a crucial regulatory mechanism for lung liquid clearance at birth and thereafter. This study investigated the influence of the gaseous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on β-adrenergic agonist-regulated pulmonary sodium and liquid absorption.

The role of Cl- in the regulation of ion and liquid transport in the intact alveolus during β-adrenergic stimulation.

The epithelium of the developing lung displays an evolving liquid transport phenotype, in which Cl(-) secretion during fetal life is rapidly switched to Na(+) absorption perinatally. However, the mechanisms underlying the homeostasis of the thin layer of liquid lining the postnatal pulmonary epithelium remain elusive. In particular, it remains unclear whether the stimulated clearance of excess alveolar liquid is mediated via transepithelial Cl(-) transport.

Physiological effect of protein kinase C on ENaC-mediated lung liquid regulation in the adult rat lung.

Tight control of lung liquid (LL) regulation is vital for pulmonary function. The aim of this work was to determine whether PKC activation is involved in the physiological regulation of LL volume in a whole lung preparation. Rat lungs were perfused with a modified Ringer solution, and the lumen was filled with the same solution without glucose.

Alveolar epithelial CNGA1 channels mediate cGMP-stimulated, amiloride-insensitive, lung liquid absorption.

Impairment of lung liquid absorption can lead to severe respiratory symptoms, such as those observed in pulmonary oedema. In the adult lung, liquid absorption is driven by cation transport through two pathways: a well-established amiloride-sensitive Na(+) channel (ENaC) and, more controversially, an amiloride-insensitive channel that may belong to the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel family. Here, we show robust CNGA1 (but not CNGA2 or CNGA3) channel expression principally in rat alveolar type I cells; CNGA3 was expressed in ciliated airway epithelial cells.

Developmental regulation of lung liquid transport.

The developing distal lung epithelium displays an evolving liquid transport phenotype, reflecting a changing and dynamic balance between Cl- ion secretion and Na+ ion absorption, which in turn reflects changing functional requirements. Thus in the fetus, Cl--driven liquid secretion predominates throughout gestation and generates a distending pressure to stretch the lung and stimulate growth. Increasing Na+ absorptive capacity develops toward term, anticipating the switch to an absorptive phenotype at birth and beyond.

Pulmonary effects of triiodothyronine (T3) and hydrocortisone (HC) supplementation in preterm infants less than 30 weeks gestation: results of the THORN trial--thyroid hormone replacement in neonates.

The THORN trial was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to test the hypothesis that administration of triiodothyronine (T(3)) and hydrocortisone would decrease mortality and respiratory morbidity in preterm infants of less than 30 wk gestation. Two hundred fifty-three infants were randomized to receive either 6 micro g.kg(-1).

Lung lining liquid - the hidden depths. The 5th Nils W. Svenningsen memorial lecture.

The volume of liquid which lines the lumen of the lung is small and thus exists as an extremely thin layer. Nevertheless, it appears to have important functions which include contributing to the mechanical and chemical defences of the pulmonary epithelium and providing the correct ionic environment for surfactant function. Energy is expended by the epithelium to prevent excess liquid accumulating, a process involving active transport of sodium ions out of the lumen.

A longitudinal assessment of thyroid hormone concentrations in preterm infants younger than 30 weeks' gestation during the first 2 weeks of life and their relationship to outcome.

Objective: This trial examined the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) and hydrocortisone on lung disease. We present here the placebo data as this provides a natural history of thyroid hormone changes in this group of very preterm infants. We also examined the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and the outcome death and ventilator dependence at 2 weeks.