Xenon Treatment Protects against Remote Lung Injury after Kidney Transplantation in Rats.

Background: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of renal grafts may cause remote organ injury including lungs. The authors aimed to evaluate the protective effect of xenon exposure against remote lung injury due to renal graft IRI in a rat renal transplantation model.

Methods: For in vitro studies, human lung epithelial cell A549 was challenged with H2O2, tumor necrosis factor-α, or conditioned medium from human kidney proximal tubular cells (HK-2) after hypothermia-hypoxia insults.

The therapeutic potential of atorvastatin in a mouse model of postoperative cognitive decline.

Objective: Postoperative cognitive decline is emerging as a significant complication of surgery among older adults. Animal models indicate a central role of hippocampal inflammatory responses in the pathophysiology of postoperative cognitive decline. We hypothesized that atorvastatin, shown to exert neuroprotective potential in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, would attenuate neuroinflammation and improve cognitive function in mice after surgery and anesthesia.

Neuroinflammation: the role and consequences.

Neuroinflammation is central to the common pathology of several acute and chronic brain diseases. This review examines the consequences of excessive and prolonged neuroinflammation, particularly its damaging effects on cellular and/or brain function, as well as its relevance to disease progression and possible interventions. The evidence gathered here indicates that neuroinflammation causes and accelerates long-term neurodegenerative disease, playing a central role in the very early development of chronic conditions including dementia.

Prazosin, an α(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, prevents memory deterioration in the APP23 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Noradrenergic deficits have been described in the hippocampus and the frontal cortex of Alzheimer's disease brains, which are secondary to locus coeruleus degeneration. Locus coeruleus is the brain stem nucleus responsible for synthesis of noradrenaline and from where all noradrenergic neurons project. In addition, it has been suggested that noradrenaline might play a role in modulating inflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease.

Xenon pretreatment may prevent early memory decline after isoflurane anesthesia and surgery in mice.

Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) is a common complication following surgery, but its aetiology remains unclear. We hypothesized that xenon pretreatment prevents POCD by suppressing the systemic inflammatory response or through an associated protective signaling pathway involving heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) and PI3-kinase. Twenty-four hours after establishing long-term memory using fear conditioning training, C57BL/6 adult male mice (n = 12/group) received one of the following treatments: 1) no treatment group (control); 2) 1.

Statins: the role in the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's neurodegeneration.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease commonly seen in the elderly and is characterized by progressive cognitive and physical decline. Current understanding of AD pathogenesis revolves around amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a product of the sequential proteolytic cleavage of the transmembrane amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) by β- and γ-secretase, enzymes found predominantly in the cholesterol rich micro domains of the cell membrane. Several risk factors for AD are associated with cholesterol metabolism, including dyslipidaemia, coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease.