Application of zwitterionic ionic liquid-based capsule phase microextraction for the HPLC-UV determination of doxycycline in human urine samples.

Herein, we describe the utilization of an ionic liquid (IL)/Carbowax 20 M-functionalized sol-gel sorbent for the capsule phase microextraction of doxycycline in authentic human urine samples. This green sample preparation method combines stirring and filtration in a single, standalone sample preparation device, streamlining the sample preparation process. Additionally, it provides rapid extraction kinetics and high extraction efficiency.