Anterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow: a possible etiology of primary osteoarthritis.

Background: The purpose of this study is to describe anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI) as a possible etiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) of the elbow.

Methods: We examined 76 fresh frozen cadaveric elbows (male:female, 56:20; mean age, 81 years) for patterns of cartilage erosion that could be due to ALRI. These included erosions on the lateral trochlear ridge (LTR) lesion, crescent rim of the radial head (RC) lesion or the ventral capitellum (VC) lesion.

Manufacturability-based optical design optimization for advanced Kirkpatrick-Baez X-ray focusing mirrors.

The advanced Kirkpatrick-Baez (AKB) mirror setup is an effective and compelling solution to provide stable X-ray nano-focusing for synchrotron radiation or free-electron laser beamlines. We propose an AKB mirror design optimization approach to mitigate the difficulties associated with mirror fabrication by minimizing the total slope ranges of the four curved mirrors while achieving the expected focusing performance. In the optimization, we have considered geometry constraints to ensure the beam acceptance with the required clear aperture, the diffraction-limited focal size with the adequate numerical aperture, and the desired mirror gaps for adjustment and the necessary working distance for the sample stage.

Piperlongumine regulates genes involved in the skin barrier in epidermal keratinocyte HaCaT cells.

Given that the skin is the largest tissue in the human body, performing external barrier functions with innate and adaptive immunity and undergoing substantial changes during aging, it is under investigation as a major target of various bioactive molecules. In the present study, we examined the biological activity of the senolytic piperlongumine by analyzing alterations in mRNA expression of notable skin genes using transformed aneuploid immortal epidermal keratinocytes, HaCaT cells. We observed that piperlongumine increased the mRNA expression of genes playing critical roles in skin barrier function.

Co-exposure to microplastic and plastic additives causes development impairment in zebrafish embryos.

Since the run off of microplastic and plastic additives into the aquatic environment through the disposal of plastic products, we investigated the adverse effects of co-exposure to microplastics and plastic additives on zebrafish embryonic development. To elucidate the combined effects between microplastic mixtures composed of microplastics and plastic additives in zebrafish embryonic development, polystyrene (PS), bisphenol S (BPS), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) were chosen as a target contaminant. Based on non-toxic concentration of each contaminant in zebrafish embryos, microplastic mixtures which is consisted of binary and ternary mixed forms were prepared.

E-PVT: enhanced position-velocity-time scheduler for computer-controlled optical finishing with comprehensive considerations of dynamics constraints, continuity and efficiency.

Deterministic computer-controlled optical finishing is an essential approach for achieving high-quality optical surfaces. Its determinism and convergence rely heavily on precise and smooth motion control to guide the machine tool over an optical surface to correct residual errors. One widely supported and smooth motion control model is position-velocity-time (PVT), which employs piecewise cubic polynomials to describe positions.

A generalized expression for accelerating beamlet decomposition simulations.

Paraxial diffraction modeling based on the Fourier transform has seen widespread implementation for simulating the response of a diffraction-limited optical system. For systems where the paraxial assumption is not sufficient, a class of algorithms has been developed that employs hybrid propagation physics to compute the propagation of an elementary beamlet along geometric ray paths. These "beamlet decomposition" algorithms include the well-known Gaussian beamlet decomposition (GBD) algorithm, of which several variants have been created.

A study on the prevalence and prognosis of progressive pulmonary fibrosis: A retrospective observational study.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of more than 200 diffuse parenchymal lung diseases with various clinical courses. Disease progression is one of the most important prognostic factors, and, the definition of progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) has recently been established. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis of PPF among patients with non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in real-world practice.

Two-step retrace error calibration removing tilt ambiguity in coherence scanning interferometry.

In interferometry measurement, the retrace error often limits its high-precision metrology applications. Retrace error calibration with tilted flats can give a relation between the retrace error and the introduced tilt angles, but there is still an ambiguity between the introduced tilt angles and the tilt terms in the created retrace error. We propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, two-step calibration method to resolve this tilt ambiguity.

All-Glass 100 mm Diameter Visible Metalens for Imaging the Cosmos.

Metasurfaces, optics made from subwavelength-scale nanostructures, have been limited to millimeter-sizes by the scaling challenge of producing vast numbers of precisely engineered elements over a large area. In this study, we demonstrate an all-glass 100 mm diameter metasurface lens (metalens) comprising 18.7 billion nanostructures that operates in the visible spectrum with a fast -number (/1.

Antifibrotic Agents in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is a common extra-articular clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that has negative impacts on morbidity and mortality. In addition, there has been no proven treatment for RA-ILD to date. Thus, we planned a meta-analysis of a literature search to confirm the clinical effects of antifibrotic agents in RA-ILD patients.

Efficacy of Pirfenidone According to Dose in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Prospective, Observational, Single-Center Cohort Study.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with a poor prognosis. Pirfenidone is approved and widely used for the treatment of IPF and reduces lung function decline. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different doses of pirfenidone for the prevention of disease progression in patients with IPF.

Identification of aquatic ecological risk of bisphenol S in four Asian countries based on the SSD and alternative toxicity data of model species Danio rerio.

Bisphenol S (BPS), an organic compound and bisphenol analog, is commonly used as a substitute for bisphenol A. BPS is widely used in epoxy glues, can coatings, and thermal receipt papers; however, its risks have not been fully determined and the probability of its toxicity has been continuously suggested. In this study, we conducted BPS toxicity tests on aquatic plants (acute), cladocerans (acute and chronic), and fish (chronic) to determine its adverse effects, and calculated the toxicity values.

Computational-sampling-moiré-based on-machine alignment for freeform optics.

The manufacturing and characterization of freeform optical surfaces are influenced by their high sensitivity to misalignments. In this work, the computational sampling moiré technique combined with phase extraction is developed for the precise alignment of freeform optics during fabrication and in metrology applications. This novel, to the best of our knowledge, technique achieves near-interferometry-level precision in a simple and compact configuration.

Digital filtering of ghost signal in phase measuring deflectometry.

We introduce a method of geometric screen modification to remove ghost reflections commonly observed in deflectometry optical testing. The proposed method modifies the optical layout and illumination source area to bypass the generation of reflected rays from the undesired surface. The layout flexibility of deflectometry allows us to design specific system layouts that avoid the generation of interrupting secondary rays.

Impact of Obesity on the IL-6 Immune Marker and Th17 Immune Cells in C57BL/6 Mice Models with Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis.

Obese psoriatic patients experience higher disease severity and exhibit poorer treatment responses and clinical outcomes. It has been proposed that proinflammatory cytokines produced by adipose tissue exacerbate psoriasis; however, the role of obesity in psoriasis remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the role of obesity in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, focusing on immunological changes.

The Efficacy of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) on functional performance, exercise-related oxygen saturation, and health-related quality of life among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A total of 25 patients with IPF (13 in the PR group and 12 in the non-PR group) were enrolled between August 2019 and October 2021 at Haeundae-Paik Hospital in the Republic of Korea. A cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), six-minute walk test (6MWT), pulmonary function test (PFT), Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), muscle strength test, and bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed in each group at baseline and after eight weeks of PR.

Hybrid height and slope figuring method for grazing-incidence reflective optics.

Grazing-incidence reflective optics are commonly used in synchrotron radiation and free-electron laser facilities to transport and focus the emitted X-ray beams. To preserve the imaging capability at the diffraction limit, the fabrication of these optics requires precise control of both the residual height and slope errors. However, all the surface figuring methods are height based, lacking the explicit control of surface slopes.

Enhancement of electrochromic properties using nanostructured amorphous tungsten trioxide thin films.

Electrochromic technologies have recently attracted attention due to their energy-saving performance for reducing green gas emissions. The materials design and preparation of electrochromic materials with sufficient microstructure and crystallographic features for suitable ion intercalation/deintercalation are essential for high performance and efficiency. In the present work, nanostructured amorphous tungsten trioxide (WO) films are electrodeposited to enhance electrochromic properties by controlling the pH of electrolytes.

N-Implantation on Nb Coating as Protective Layer for Metal Bipolar Plate in PEMFCs and Their Electrochemical Characteristics.

Nitrogen ions were implanted into the coated Nb layer by plasma immersion ion implantation to improve resistance to corrosion of a metal bipolar plate. Due to nitrogen implantation, the corrosion behavior of the Nb layer was enhanced. The electron microscope observation reveals that the microstructure of the Nb layer became denser and had fewer defects with increasing implantation energy.