Ultrasound of the shoulder.

Ultrasound has been widely used for the evaluation of the shoulder, mainly for rotator cuff pathology. Developments in technology, as well as better knowledge of the pathology and the anatomy make this examination one of the most useful in the exploration of the shoulder, especially in the hands of the experienced radiologist. Ultrasound is low-cost, readily available and should be considered with plain films as the first step examination of the shoulder.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging: technical aspects, indications and preliminary experience.

This article reviews the interest and potential applications of whole body MR and presents a new technical concept of the technique. Preliminary experience with this new technology is presented.

Sonography in wrist tendon pathology.

Wrist tendons may be affected by a variety of pathologic conditions, including those caused by trauma and overuse, inflammatory and metabolic disorders, or infection. Sonography is a very sensitive means of detecting tendinous pathology because of its spatial resolution and its comparative and dynamic capabilities. Its wide availability makes it the preferred first-line imaging modality in the case of wrist pain.

Imaging overuse injury of the elbow in professional team handball players: a bilateral comparison using plain films, stress radiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging.

The purpose of this study was to compare the manifestations of elbow stress due to repetitive valgus forces between the dominant and the non-dominant elbow in 40 uninjured elite team handball players using plain films, stress radiographs, ultrasound, and MRI examination. On comparative plain films generalized bony hypertrophy manifested by increased humeral diameter, and cortical hypertrophy of the humeral shaft of the dominant extremity was observed in all players. A significantly greater difference in medial joint space opening between stressed and unstressed elbows was measured in the dominant elbow compared with the non-dominant elbow (0.

Comparison of spin echo, gradient echo and fat saturation magnetic resonance imaging sequences for imaging the canine elbow.

Two comparison studies were performed. In the first conventional spin-echo (T1- and T2-weighted) sequences and a three-dimensional (3-D Fourier transform [3DFT]) echo gradient fast-imaging sequence were compared for imaging the canine normal elbow joint. In all three sequences, there was an isointense signal of the articular cartilage and a hyposignal of the subchondral bone, as compared with the muscles.

Evaluation of patellar cartilage surface lesions: comparison of CT arthrography and fat-suppressed FLASH 3D MR imaging.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of fat-suppressed fast low-angle shot (FLASH) 3D MR imaging in the detection of patellar cartilage surface lesions in comparison with CT arthrography. Fifty patients, with or without symptoms of chondromalacia, were prospectively examined by CT arthrography and fat-suppressed 3D gradient-echo MR imaging. All MR examinations were evaluated by three observers, two of them reaching a consensus interpretation.

Measurements of cortical thickness in experimentally created endosteal bone lesions: a comparison of radiography, CT, MR imaging, and anatomic sections.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cortical measurements of experimentally created endosteal cortical lesions and to assess the sensitivity of radiography, CT, and MR imaging in the detection and measurement of such lesions.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six cortical lesions were created in three fresh cadaveric femurs. After performing radiography, CT, and MR imaging, we sectioned the specimens in the axial plane.

Symptomatic herniation pits of the femoral neck: anatomic and clinical study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathogenesis of herniation pits of the femoral neck, which are frequently considered a normal variant, and to describe the imaging abnormalities of such pits in three symptomatic patients.

Conclusion: The changing relationship between the joint capsule and the iliopsoas muscle appears to be important in the pathogenesis of the herniation pit, especially in athletic persons. In some cases, these pits may enlarge, the overlying cortex may fracture, and significant clinical manifestations may be apparent.

MR imaging of the tarsometatarsal joint: analysis of injuries in 11 patients.

Objective: We evaluated how well MR imaging revealed ligamentous and bony abnormalities in patients with injuries of Lisfranc's joint.

Subjects And Methods: We evaluated the studies of 11 patients with plantar hyperflexion injuries of the foot who underwent MR imaging in all three planes using spinecho T1-weighted, fast spin-echo T2-weighted, and short inversion time inversion recovery sequences. In four of the 11 patients, a three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady-state volume sequence was performed in the coronal plane.

Imaging of osseous and cartilaginous intraarticular bodies in the knee: comparison of MR imaging and MR arthrography with CT and CT arthrography in cadavers.

Purpose: To compare magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR arthrography with computed tomography (CT) and CT arthrography in the detection of intraarticular bodies in the knee.

Materials And Methods: Cuboid (3- or 6-mm-long sides) osseous and cartilaginous bodies were implanted in 16 cadaveric knee specimens. MR imaging was performed with T1-weighted spin-echo (SE), T2-weighted SE, proton-density-weighted SE, gradient recalled acquisition in the steady state (GRASS), and spoiled GRASS sequences.

Tarsometatarsal joint: anatomic details on MR images.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the tarsometatarsal ([TMT] Lisfranc) joint with close anatomic correlation.

Materials And Methods: Six normal cadaveric feet were imaged by using T1-weighted spin-echo (oblique axial) and three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state ([SPGR] coronal, sagittal) sequences. Subsequently, gadolinium-enhanced arthrography was performed in three specimens followed by T1-weighted spin-echo and SPGR MR imaging.

[MRI of the knee. Value of delayed sequences after intravenous injection of gadolinium].

A prospective study of delayed sequences after intravenous injection of gadolinium for knee MRI shows the similar results as from the literature: enhancement of synovial fluid after 30 minutes. Sixteen patients were studied mainly with gradient echo. This phenomenon improves the visualisation of the intraarticular structures like meniscus, cruciate ligaments, or cartilage.