Fuzzy-based HAZOP study for process industry.

This study proposed a fuzzy-based HAZOP for analyzing process hazards. Fuzzy theory was used to express uncertain states. This theory was found to be a useful approach to overcome the inherent uncertainty in HAZOP analyses.

The characteristics of bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of three marine macroalgae.

The pyrolysis of two brown macroalgae (Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica) and one red macroalgae (Porphyra tenera) was investigated for the production of bio-oil within the temperature range of 300-600°C. Macroalgae differ from lignocellulosic land biomass in their constitutional compounds and high N, S and ash contents. The maximum production of bio-oil was achieved at 500°C, with yields between 37.