Comparison of the problem-solving performance of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Bing Chat, and Bard for the Korean emergency medicine board examination question bank.

Large language models (LLMs) have been deployed in diverse fields, and the potential for their application in medicine has been explored through numerous studies. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the performance of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, Bing Chat, and Bard for the Emergency Medicine Board Examination question bank in the Korean language.

The S-S.M.A.R.T: A New Prognostic Tool for Patients with Suspected Sepsis in the Emergency Department.

Background: The sepsis screening tool is essential because it enables the rapid identification of high-risk patients and facilitates prompt treatment. Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) is a widely used screening tool for sepsis. However, it has limitations in predicting patient prognosis.

Prognostic Value of Plasma Presepsin and Pneumonia Severity Index in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Emergency Department.

Background and Objectives: Presepsin (PSS) is an independent predictor for estimating disease severity and prognosis in septic patients. Few studies have reported the associations between plasma PSS and the severity and prognosis in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We investigated whether a high plasma PSS level was associated with 30-day mortality in CAP patients.

Plasma presepsin level predicts acute kidney injury in patients with sepsis in the emergency department.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with sepsis. We evaluated the potential prognostic value of plasma presepsin to predict AKI in patients with sepsis in the emergency department. A total of 193 patients diagnosed with sepsis based on the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) were included in this observational study.

Predictive Values of Procalcitonin and Presepsin for Acute Kidney Injury and 30-Day Hospital Mortality in Patients with COVID-19.

: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the values of procalcitonin (PCT) and presepsin (PSS) for predicting AKI and 30-day hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. : We retrospectively evaluated 151 patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the hospital via the emergency department.

Behavioral and Disease-Related Characteristics of Patients with Acute Stroke during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic.

This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral and disease-related characteristics of patients with acute stroke during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This retrospective study was conducted using the Korean Stroke Registry database from a single cerebrovascular specialty hospital. We categorized the COVID-19 pandemic (February 2020 to June 2021) into three waves according to the number of COVID-19 cases recorded and the subjective fear index of the general population and matched them with the corresponding pre-COVID-19 (January 2019 to January 2020) periods.

Prognostic value of red blood cell distribution width in predicting 3-month functional outcome of patients undergoing thrombolysis treatment for acute ischemic stroke.

This study was performed to determine whether red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with 3-month poor functional outcome in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke.RDW was measured in patients with thrombolytic therapy in emergency department. Functional outcome was assessed after 3 months and poor functional outcome was defined as modified Rankin scale 3 to 6.

Association of Plasma Glucose to Potassium Ratio and Mortality After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Hyperglycemia and hypokalemia are common problems in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The aim of this study was to determine whether the plasma glucose to potassium ratio (GPR) predicts mortality due to aSAH. We prospectively recruited aSAH patients and healthy controls between March 2007 and May 2017.

Comparison of ultrasonography and computed tomography for measuring optic nerve sheath diameter for the detection of elevated intracranial pressure.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to compare optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured using ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) almost simultaneously in the same patients with suspected elevated intracranial pressure. The other aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic ability for detecting elevated intracranial pressure using ONSD measured by USG (USG-ONSD) and by CT (CT-ONSD).

Patients And Methods: This prospective, observational study was undertaken from June to October 2020 in the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary medical center in Seoul.

Case of cardiac arrest due to carbon dioxide poisoning following an explosion of a carbon dioxide tank.

Carbon dioxide is widely used for a variety of purposes. As it is a normal constituent of air, the public generally regards it as safe. Although low concentrations of carbon dioxide are not harmful to human beings, high concentrations are toxic, and can cause serious harm, including cardiac arrest.

Serum Lactate Could Predict Mortality in Patients With Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Emergency Department.

Serum lactate is a useful biomarker for prediction of mortality in critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to identify if serum lactate could be used as a biomarker for predicting mortality in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in the emergency department. This retrospective study enrolled 189 patients.

Efficacy of Amflow®, a Real-Time-Portable Feedback Device for Delivering Appropriate Ventilation in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomised, Controlled, Cross-Over Simulation Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether Amflow® (a newly designed portable ventilation feedback device) can assist rescuers in delivering target tidal volume ( ) and respiration rate (RR) during self-inflating bag (SB) ventilations in various clinical scenarios.

Method: This was a simulation study with a prospective cross-over design. A total of 40 trained participants who underwent training for SB ventilation were recruited.

The Inhibitory Mechanisms of Tumor PD-L1 Expression by Natural Bioactive Gallic Acid in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer subtype and accounts for more than 80% of all lung cancer cases. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation by binding growth factors such as EGF activates downstream prooncogenic signaling pathways including KRAS-ERK, JAK-STAT, and PI3K-AKT. These pathways promote the tumor progression of NSCLC by inducing uncontrolled cell cycle, proliferation, migration, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression.

Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker of acute kidney injury in sepsis patients in the emergency department.

Background: Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a useful biomarker for predicting acute kidney injury (AKI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of urinary NGAL in predicting AKI in sepsis patients in the emergency department.

Methods: A total of 140 patients were enrolled.

How much experience do rescuers require to achieve successful tracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

Aim: The cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines recommend that endotracheal intubation (ETI) should be performed only by highly skilled rescuers. However, the definition of 'highly skilled' is unclear. This study evaluated how much experience with ETI is required for rescuers to perform successful ETI quickly without complications including serious chest compression interruption (interruption time <10 s) or oesophageal intubation during CPR.

Red blood cell distribution width is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the association between red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and 3-month mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Patients And Methods: This observational study was performed from March 2007 to May 2017 in an emergency department. The baseline characteristics and clinical and laboratory data were collected prospectively and analyzed.

Red cell distribution width as a novel marker for predicting high-risk from upper gastro-intestinal bleeding patients.

Background: In upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) patients, early risk stratification allows appropriate therapy that may be helpful for reducing morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: to evaluate the efficacy of red-cell distribution width (RDW) for prediction of high-risk in UGIB patients.

Methods: We conducted a clinical retrospective observational study based on data for UGIB patients from 2012 to 2013.

Effects of Paraquat Ban on Herbicide Poisoning-Related Mortality.

Purpose: In Korea, registration of paraquat-containing herbicides was canceled in November 2011, and sales thereof were completely banned in November 2012. We evaluated the effect of the paraquat ban on the epidemiology and mortality of herbicide-induced poisoning.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed patients treated for herbicide poisoning at 17 emergency departments in South Korea between January 2010 and December 2014.

Efficacy of various types of laryngoscope (direct, Pentax Airway Scope and GlideScope) for endotracheal intubation in various cervical immobilisation scenarios: a randomised cross-over simulation study.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of direct laryngoscopy (DL), Pentax Airway Scope (PAWS) and GlideScope video laryngoscope (GVL) systems for endotracheal intubation (ETI) in various cervical immobilisation scenarios: manual in-line stabilisation (MILS), Philadelphia neck collar (PNC) (moderate limit of mouth opening) and Stifneck collar (SNC) (severe limit of mouth opening).

Design: Randomised cross-over simulation study.

Setting And Participants: 35 physicians who had >30 successful ETI experiences at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea.

Usefulness of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentration for predicting the severity and mortality of patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Background: The usefulness of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) concentration for predicting the outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is unclear. We evaluated the prognostic value of plasma NGAL concentration for predicting disease severity in comparison with other widely used biological markers of inflammation in patients with CAP.

Methods: NGAL, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured in 362 patients with CAP, who were followed for up to 30days.

Serum Procalcitonin: An Independent Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Health Care-Associated Pneumonia.

Background: Early prediction of the clinical outcomes for health care-associated pneumonia (HCAP) patients is challenging.

Objectives: This is the first study to evaluate procalcitonin (PCT) as a predictor of outcomes in HCAP patients.

Methods: We conducted an observational study based on data for HCAP patients prospectively collected between 2011 and 2014.

The Poisoning Information Database Covers a Large Proportion of Real Poisoning Cases in Korea.

The poisoning information database (PIDB) provides clinical toxicological information on commonly encountered toxic substances in Korea. The aim of this study was to estimate the coverage rate of the PIDB by comparing the database with the distribution of toxic substances that real poisoning patients presented to 20 emergency departments. Development of the PIDB started in 2007, and the number of toxic substances increased annually from 50 to 470 substances in 2014.

Video laryngoscopy vs. direct laryngoscopy: Which should be chosen for endotracheal intubation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation? A prospective randomized controlled study of experienced intubators.

Aim: This study compared endotracheal intubation (ETI) performance during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) between direct laryngoscopy (DL) and video laryngoscopy (VL) (GlideScope(®)) by experienced intubators (>50 successful ETIs).

Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled study conducted in an emergency department between 2011 and 2013. Intubators who used DL or VL were randomly allocated to ETI during CPR.