A supercritical oil extract of seeds ameliorates Huntington's disease-like symptoms and neuropathology: the potential role of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Background: Huntington disease (HD), a neurodegenerative autosomal dominant disorder, is characterized by involuntary choreatic movements with cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Up to now, no therapeutic strategies are available to completely ameliorate the progression of HD. has various pharmacologic effects such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Tribuli Fructus alleviates 1-methyl-4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson's disease by suppressing neuroinflammation via JNK signaling.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. In particular, neuroinflammation associated with phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is likely to cause the death of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, protecting dopaminergic neurons through anti-neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy for PD.

Anti-Aging and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Compounds from Fresh Roots: A Study on TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Skin Cell Damage.

(Korean ginseng) is renowned for its health-promoting properties, attributed to its bioactive compounds, including saponins, polyphenols, and polysaccharides, which possess both antioxidant and anti-aging activities. This study investigated the anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects of compounds isolated from the hot water extract of fresh roots, evaluating their resistance to TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced skin cell damage. Among 14 compounds, ginsenoside Rf (compound ) showed significant multi-target effects.

3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid methyl ester isolated from Polygala tenuifolia enhances hippocampal LTP through PKA and calcium-permeable AMPA receptor.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neuronal death due to extracellular deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) and intracellular deposition of tau proteins. Recently approved antibody drugs targeting Aβ have been shown to slow the progression of the disease, but they have minimal effects on cognitive improvement. Therefore, there is a need to develop drugs with cognitive-enhancing effects that can be used in conjunction with these antibody treatments.

Phytotherapeutic BS012 and Its Active Component Ameliorate Allergic Asthma via Inhibition of Th2-Mediated Immune Response and Apoptosis.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs that results in airway inflammation and narrowing. BS012 is an herbal remedy containing , , and extracts. To elucidate the anti-asthma effect of BS012, this study analyzed the immune response, respiratory protection, and changes in metabolic mechanisms in an ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma mouse model.

A new compound, phomaherbarine A, induces cytolytic reactivation in epstein-barr virus-positive B cell lines.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the first virus found to induce cancer in humans, has been frequently detected in various types of B cell lymphomas. During its latent phase, EBV expresses a limited set of proteins crucial for its persistence. Induction of the lytic phase of EBV has shown promise in the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies.

Rosarugosides A and D from Flower Buds: Their Potential Anti-Skin-Aging Effects in TNF-α-Induced Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

This present study investigated the anti-skin-aging properties of . Initially, phenolic compounds were isolated from a hot water extract of 's flower buds. Through repeated chromatography (column chromatography, MPLC, and prep HPLC), we identified nine phenolic compounds (-), including a previously undescribed depside, rosarugoside D ().

Inulae Flos has Anti-Depressive Effects by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Recovering Dysfunction of HPA-axis.

Depression is a debilitating mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, and a loss of joy. However, the clinical efficacy of representative drugs for depression, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, remains controversial. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective therapies to treat depression.

Triterpenoidal Saponins from the Leaves of Offer Inhibitory Activities against SARS-CoV-2.

Triterpenoidal saponins have been reported to be able to restrain SARS-CoV-2 infection. To isolate antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2 from the leaves of , we conducted multiple steps of column chromatography. We isolated six triperpenoidal saponins from .

Panaxcerol D from ameliorates the memory impairment induced by cholinergic blockade or Aβ peptide in mice.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has memory impairment associated with aggregation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Although anti-amyloid β (Aβ) protein antibody and chemical drugs can be prescribed in the clinic, they show adverse effects or low effectiveness. Therefore, the development of a new drug is necessarily needed.

Saponins Derived from the Korean Endemic Plant Inhibit Diffuse-type Gastric Cancer Cells.

Diffuse-type gastric cancer (GC) is a type of stomach cancer that occurs in small clusters of cells that are widely spread. It does not typically manifest with symptoms until the advanced stages and often goes undetected in routine imaging tests. In addition, there is no specific targeted therapy for diffuse-type GC and it has a high mortality risk.

Tetraenone A: A New β-Ionone Derivative from .

In this study, the chemical investigation of (Zygophyllaceae) led to the identification of a new megastigmene derivative, tetraenone A ((2, 5, 6, 7)-2-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-β-ionone) (), along with (3, 5, 6, 7)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β-ionone- (), 3,4-dihydroxy-cinnamyl alcohol-4-glucoside (), 3β,19α-dihydroxy-ursan-28-oic acid (), quinovic acid (), -coumaric acid (), and ferulic acid (), for the first time. The chemical structures of - were confirmed by analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectra and by their comparison with the relevant literature. The absolute configurations of and were assigned based on NOESY interactions and ECD spectra.

The Effects of Flavonol and Flavone Glucuronides from Leaves on TNF-α-Exposed Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by a variety of factors, including UV radiation. UV radiation accelerates collagen degradation via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines, including TNF-α. In a prior investigation, the inhibitory properties of flavonol and flavone glucuronides derived from on TNF-α-induced ROS and MMP-1 production were explored.

Aspacochioside C from Asparagus cochinchinensis attenuates eumelanin synthesis via inhibition of TRP2 expression.

Aspacochioside C (ACC) is a steroidal saponin isolated from Asparagus cochinchinensis. Steroidal saponins, such as pseudoprotodioscin and dioscin, are known to inhibit melanogenesis, but the role of ACC in melanogenesis remains unknown. Due to the toxic effect of the commonly used skin whitening agents like arbutin, kojic acid and α-lipoic acid alternative plant products are recentlybeen studied for their anti-hypergmentation effect.

Linderae Radix Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Damage in Alzheimer's Disease Models.

Neuroinflammation and synaptic damage are important etiologies associated with the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Linderae Radix (LR) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated whether LR attenuates microglia activation-mediated neuroinflammation and synaptic degeneration and improves AD pathological phenotypes induced by amyloid beta oligomers (AβO) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) toxicity.

Magnolin Inhibits Paclitaxel-Induced Cold Allodynia and ERK1/2 Activation in Mice.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect of anti-cancer drugs. The main symptoms often include sensory disturbances and neuropathic pain, and currently there is no effective treatment for this condition. This study aimed to investigate the suppressive effects of magnolin, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor substance derived from a 95% EtOH extract of the seeds of , on the symptoms of CIPN.

Effects of Artemisia annua L. on postmenopausal syndrome in ovariectomized mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) has been used as an antipyretic and anti-parasitic drug in traditional medicine for more than 2000 years. It has also been prescribed to treat symptoms caused by deficiency of Yin, which might be observed in menopausal state from the point of view of traditional medicine.

New Sesquiterpene Glycosides from the Flowers of and Their Inhibition Activities on EGF- and TPA-Induced Cell Transformation.

In total, four new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene glycosides, askoseosides A-D (-), and 18 known compounds (-) were isolated from the flowers of via chromatographic techniques. Chemical structures of the isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic/spectrometric methods, including NMR and HRESIMS, and the absolute configuration of the new compounds ( and ) was performed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) studies. Further, the anticancer activities of the isolated compounds (-) were evaluated using the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced as well as the 12--tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced cell transformation assay.

Inhibitory effect of ginsenglactone A from on the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and migration of human ovarian cancer cells.

Background: Here, we aimed to assess the inhibitory effect of a new compound from on the migration of human ovarian cancer cells and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Methods: A new compound, ginsenglactone A (), was isolated from ginseng roots, together with seven known compounds (-). Spectroscopic data were used to elucidate the chemical structure of .

Micrandilactone C, a Nortriterpenoid Isolated from Roots of , Ameliorates Huntington's Disease by Inhibiting Microglial STAT3 Pathways.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects the motor control system of the brain. Its pathological mechanism and therapeutic strategies have not been fully elucidated yet. The neuroprotective value of micrandilactone C (MC), a new schiartane nortriterpenoid isolated from the roots of Schisandra chinensis, is not well-known either.

(1')-1'-Acetoxyeugenol Acetate Enhances Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion.

have been widely used as spice or traditional medicine in East Asia, commonly known as Thai ginger. In the present study, seven major phenylpropanoids, (±)-1'-hydoxychavicol acetate (; HCA), (1')-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (; ACA), (1')-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate (; AEA), eugenyl acetate (), --coumaraldehyde (), --acetoxycinnamyl alcohol (), and --coumaryl diacetate (), were isolated from the 95% EtOH and hot water extracts of the rhizomes of . by chromatographic method.

New Anti-Inflammatory β-Resorcylic Acid Lactones Derived from an Endophytic Fungus, sp.

The endophytic fungus JS0419, isolated from the leaves of the halophyte , produced four new β-resorcylic acid derivatives, colletogloeopyrones A and B ( and ) and colletogloeolactones A and B ( and ), and seven known β-resorcylic acid lactones (RALs). The structures of these compounds were elucidated via analysis of the high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance data. Compounds and showed a dihydrobenzopyranone ring with a linear C9 side chain, which is rarely observed in RALs.

Yomogin, Isolated from , Inhibits Neuroinflammation Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide via Regulating MAPK Pathway.

Neuroinflammation causes various neurological disorders, including depression and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, regulation of neuroinflammation is a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammation-related neurological disorders. This study aimed to investigate whether yomogin, isolated from has anti-neuroinflammatory effects.

Anti-Microbial Activity of Aliphatic Alcohols from Chinese Black Cardamom (Amomum tsao-ko) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.

The fruits of Amomun tsao-ko (Chinese black cardamom; Zingiberaceae) contain an abundance of essential oils, which have previously demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. In our preliminary search for natural anti-tuberculosis agents, an acetone extract of A. tsao-ko (AAE) exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.