Water Resistances of Ag₂O-, BaO-, and CuO-Doped V₂O-P₂O-TeO₂ Glass Sealants.

V₂O-P₂O-TeO₂, a low-temperature vanadate-based glass sealant, was doped with metal oxides (MO = Ag₂O, BaO, or CuO), which generate Ag, Ba, and Cu ions, respectively, to strengthen the glass structure and improve its water resistance. These ions reduce the number of nonbridging oxygen atoms in the glass structure by forming V-O-M or P-O-M crosslinks in the V₂O-P₂O glass system. Structural analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the numbers of P-O-P, V═O, and V-O-V bonds decreased with increasing metal oxide content.