Long-term effects of intense pulsed light treatment on the ocular surface in patients with rosacea-associated meibomian gland dysfunction.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the long-term effects of intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment in rosacea-associated meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Methods: We enrolled 17 rosacea subjects with moderate and severe MGD who underwent four IPL sessions at 3-week intervals and were followed up for 12 months. The subjects underwent clinical examinations at baseline (first IPL) and at 3 (second), 6 (third), 9 (fourth), and 12 weeks, as well as 6 and 12 months, after baseline.