Relation of Dietary n-3 and n-6 Fatty Acid Intakes to Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged People Depending on the Level of HbA1c: A Review of National Health and Nutrition Survey Data from 2014 to 2016.

Background and Objectives: The relation of dietary n-6 fatty acid to metabolic syndrome has not been examined and clearly defined. To improve health in the general population, this study was to investigate the role of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in the reduction in metabolic syndrome and to observe changes in the effects of these fatty acids depending on the level of insulin resistance. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized national health and nutrition survey data from 2014 to 2016.

Effects of Emergency Duties on Cardiovascular Diseases in Firefighters: A 13-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of firefighters' emergency duties on the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: We used a 13-year follow-up in a nationwide retrospective cohort study. A total of 363,137 employees were recruited.

Regional Gray Matter Volume Related to High Occupational Stress in Firefighters.

Background: Firefighters inevitably encounter emotionally and physically stressful situations at work. Even firefighters without diagnosed post-traumatic stress disorder receive clinical attention because the nature of the profession exposes them to repetitive trauma and high occupational stress. This study investigated gray matter abnormalities related to high occupational stress in firefighters using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM).

Differential relationship between dietary fat and cholesterol on total mortality in Korean population cohorts.

Background: Associations among dietary fat, cholesterol intake and total mortality remain controversial, and most available data cover Western populations. The aim of this study was to assess associations for dietary fat and cholesterol in relation to total mortality in Koreans.

Methods: This study used data from three prospective Korean Genome and Epidemiology studies (conducted between June 2001 and December 2013).

Organizational Climate Effects on the Relationship Between Emotional Labor and Turnover Intention in Korean Firefighters.

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the combined effects of organizational climate (OC) with emotional labor (EL) on turnover intention in Korean firefighters.

Methods: The data were obtained from the study Firefighters Research: Enhancement of Safety and Health. A total of 4,860 firefighters whose main duty was providing "emergency medical aid" were included.

Mediating Effects of Burnout in the Association Between Emotional Labor and Turnover Intention in Korean Clinical Nurses.

Background: The current lack of the number of nurses and high nurse turnover rate leads to major problems for the health-care system in terms of cost, patient care ability, and quality of care. Theoretically, burnout may help link emotional labor with turnover intention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of burnout in the association between emotional labor and turnover intention in Korean clinical nurses.

Blood pressure and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events among firefighters.

Objective: No long-term follow-up study has investigated the effect of blood pressure (BP) on cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity in firefighters. To investigate the effects of BP on the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) using a national representative population-matched cohort.

Methods: We enrolled all firefighters (N = 8242) and 28 678 referent controls aged more than 40 years who underwent baseline health examinations in 2002 and 2003.

Effect of Burnout on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Firefighters in Korea: Data From the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health (FRESH).

Objectives: It is well-known that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among firefighters contributes to their job-related stress. However, the relationship between burnout and PTSD in firefighters has rarely been studied. This study therefore explored the association between burnout and its related factors, such as trauma and violence, and PTSD symptoms among firefighters in Korea.

Association between the symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia and social disparities: Does social capital promote prostate health?

This cross-sectional study investigated the relationships between socioeconomic factors and social capital and benign prostatic hyperplasia symptoms. The participants were 100,000 adult men who participated in the Korea Community Health Survey. The surveyors used the International Prostate Symptom Score.

[Association between Emotional Labor, Emotional Dissonance, Burnout and Turnover Intention in Clinical Nurses: A Multiple-Group Path Analysis across Job Satisfaction].

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the influence of emotional labor, emotional dissonance, and burnout on nurse's turnover intention and examine the effect of job satisfaction on the relationships among emotional labor, emotional dissonance, burnout, and turnover intention.

Methods: The sample consisted of 350 nurses recruited from 6 general hospitals in 2 cities in Korea. A multiple-group analysis was utilized.

Association of Emotional Labor, Self-efficacy, and Type A Personality with Burnout in Korean Dental Hygienists.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional labor and burnout, and whether the levels of self-efficacy and type A personality characteristics increase the risk of burnout in a sample of Korean female dental hygienists. Participants were 807 female dental hygienists with experience in performing customer service for one year or more in dental clinics, dental hospitals, or general hospitals in Korea. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire.

A prospective study of the association between total sleep duration and incident hypertension.

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate total sleep duration as a potential risk factor for the development of hypertension after a mean of 2.6 years of follow-up. The study participants comprised 1715 Korean adults aged 40 to 70 years.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in patients of pulmonary adenocarcinoma: correlation with cancer stem cell markers and prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type of non-small cell lung carcinomas. The existence of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human tissue is controversy. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and clinical significance of CSCs and EMT markers and evaluate the correlation between the two in lung adenocarcinoma.

Detection of EGFR mutations in circulating free DNA by PNA-mediated PCR clamping.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations are major determinants in predicting the tumor response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Noninvasive test for the detection of EGFR mutations is required, especially in NSCLC patients from whom tissue is not available. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of detection of EGFR mutations in free DNA circulating in plasma.

Patient's perception of symptoms related to morning activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the SYMBOL Study.

Background/aims: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience more problematic respiratory symptoms and have more trouble performing daily activities in the morning. The aim of this study was to assess the perception of COPD symptoms related to morning activities in patients with severe airflow limitation.

Methods: Data of 133 patients with severe airflow limitation were analyzed in a prospective, non-interventional study.

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a case report.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disorder in which lymphocytes infiltrate the exocrine glands, resulting in the development of sicca symptoms. Lymphocytes may also invade various other organs and cause diverse symptoms. Interstitial pneumonia has been observed frequently in SS patients.

A preliminary study of protoporphyrin-IX as a potential candidate for identification of lung cancer cells using fluorescence microscopy.

Objectives: There is need for a cheap, sensitive, and specific method to identify and localize early stage lung cancer. In order to improve the sensitivity of fluorescent agents that exhibit selective tumor uptake that are used as population screening tools for the detection of early lung cancer, a number of porphyrins including protoporphyrin-IX (PpIX) were tested. We stained lung cancer cells using three different sample preparation schemes for fluorescence microscopy.

Anti-fibrotic effect of thalidomide through inhibiting TGF-beta-induced ERK1/2 pathways in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice.

Objectives: This study is designed to confirm the anti-fibrotic effect of thalidomide on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in a mouse model and to identify whether this anti-fibrotic effect is associated with inhibition of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2).

Methods And Materials: C57BL/6 female mice were administered blomycin sulfate. In cultured human lung fibroblasts, expressions of type I collagen, fibronectin, and either TGF-beta or IL-6 were measured after thalidomide treatment by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Polymorphisms in the Caspase7 gene and the risk of lung cancer.

Background: Caspase7 (CASP7) is an executioner CASP that conducted a coordinated program of proteolysis that results in the destruction of critical cell structures, and it plays an important role in the development and progression of cancer. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate potential functional polymorphisms in the CASP7 gene in relation to the risk of lung cancer.

Methods: We first captured seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the regulating region, exons and exon-intron boundaries of the CASP7 gene using public database and then determined their frequencies in 27 healthy Korean individuals.

Bronchial epithelial Ki-67 index is related to histology, smoking, and gender, but not lung cancer or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Purpose: To determine whether increased bronchial epithelial proliferation is associated with histology, smoking status, gender, age, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or lung cancer.

Experimental Design: Cross-sectional study of 113 subjects undergoing white light and autofluorescence bronchoscopy: 27 never smokers; 27 current or ex-smokers with normal spirometry; 31 current or ex-smokers with COPD; and 28 current, ex-, or never smokers with lung cancer. Ki-67 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry on all evaluable biopsy sites without carcinoma.

Lung cancer detection by a RT-nested PCR using MAGE A1--6 common primers.

Background: Since the mortality of lung cancer patients remains very high, the development of a sensitive detection method remains an urgent task. The authors have designed common melanoma antigen gene (MAGE) primers that enable the detection of MAGE A1 to A6 subtypes simultaneously. These primers were applied to the detection of lung cancer using sputum specimens.