Zygomaticomandibularis muscle.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the precise anatomy of the zygomaticomandibularis muscle through cadaveric dissection and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Five fresh human cadavers and 10 fixed cadavers were dissected. Nine preserved human cadavers were used for the MRI study.

A split ostectomy of mandibular body and angle reduction.

Combined mandibular angle resection with angle-splitting ostectomy (ASO) is more effective than conventional simple or multistaged ostectomy. Removal of the outer cortex of the mandibular body by ASO lessens the protuberance of the masseter muscle. In this study, the anatomy of the mandibular canals in seven human cadavers was studied in detail, and a guideline for ASO and mandibular angle ostectomy was set up so as to avoid injury to the inferior alveolar nerve.

Roberts syndrome, normal cell division, and normal intelligence.

Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome (RS) is an autosomal recessive disorder of symmetric limb defects, craniofacial abnormalities, pre- and postnatal growth retardation, and mental retardation. Patients with RS have been reported to have premature separation of heterochromatin of many chromosomes and abnormalities in the cell-division cycle. No case has been reported who had normal intelligence and normal cell division with typical clinical features of the RS.