Neuron-specific gene NSG1 binds to and positively regulates sortilin ectodomain shedding via a metalloproteinase-dependent mechanism.

Increasing evidence suggests that aberrant regulation of sortilin ectodomain shedding can contribute to amyloid-β pathology and frontotemporal dementia, although the mechanism by which this occurs has not been elucidated. Here, we probed for novel binding partners of sortilin using multiple and complementary approaches and identified two proteins of the neuron-specific gene (NSG) family, NSG1 and NSG2, that physically interact and colocalize with sortilin. We show both NSG1 and NSG2 induce subcellular redistribution of sortilin to NSG1- and NSG2-enriched compartments.

Machine learning prediction and tau-based screening identifies potential Alzheimer's disease genes relevant to immunity.

With increased research funding for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders across the globe, large amounts of data are being generated. Several studies employed machine learning methods to understand the ever-growing omics data to enhance early diagnosis, map complex disease networks, or uncover potential drug targets. We describe results based on a Target Central Resource Database protein knowledge graph and evidence paths transformed into vectors by metapath matching.

Laser refrigeration of optically levitated sodium yttrium fluoride nanocrystals.

Solid state laser refrigeration can cool optically levitated nanocrystals in an optical dipole trap, allowing for internal temperature control by mitigating photothermal heating. This work demonstrates cooling of ytterbium-doped cubic sodium yttrium fluoride nanocrystals to 252 K on average with the most effective crystal cooling to 241 K. The amount of cooling increases linearly with the intensity of the cooling laser and is dependent on the pressure of the gas surrounding the nanocrystal.

In Vitro evaluation of immediate cytotoxicity of resterilised orthodontic bands on HGF-1 cell line.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate cytotoxic effects of orthodontic molar bands, on HGF-1 cell line, after multiple times of sterilization following size selection procedure.

Material And Methods: 48 stainless steel orthodontic molar bands were divided into 4 groups according to times of sterilization (1, 2, 4 and 8 times). A liquid extract containing the ions released from each band was prepared and the HGF-1 cell line was exposed to the extracts.

The effects of substitutional Fe-doping on magnetism in MoSand WSmonolayers.

Doping of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors has been intensively studied toward modulating their electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. While ferromagnetic 2D semiconductors hold promise for future spintronics and valleytronics, the origin of ferromagnetism in 2D materials remains unclear. Here, we show that substitutional Fe-doping of MoSand WSmonolayers induce different magnetic properties.

Enabling room temperature ferromagnetism in monolayer MoS via in situ iron-doping.

Two-dimensional semiconductors, including transition metal dichalcogenides, are of interest in electronics and photonics but remain nonmagnetic in their intrinsic form. Previous efforts to form two-dimensional dilute magnetic semiconductors utilized extrinsic doping techniques or bulk crystal growth, detrimentally affecting uniformity, scalability, or Curie temperature. Here, we demonstrate an in situ substitutional doping of Fe atoms into MoS monolayers in the chemical vapor deposition growth.

Higher order correlations in a levitated nanoparticle phonon laser.

We present theoretical and experimental investigations of higher order correlations of mechanical motion in the recently demonstrated optical tweezer phonon laser, consisting of a silica nanosphere trapped in vacuum by a tightly focused optical beam [R. M. Pettit et al.

Impaired spermatogenesis associated with changes in spatial arrangement of Sertoli and spermatogonial cells following induced diabetes.

The current study was conducted to assess the relationship between testicular cells in spermatogenesis, through which the production of healthy and mature sperm is essential. However, it seems necessary to obtain more information about the three-dimensional pattern of the testis cells arrangement, which is directly related to the function of the testis after induction of diabetes. Twelve adult mice (28-30 g) were assigned into two experimental groups: (1) control and (2) diabetic (40 mg/kg STZ).

Quantum Walk in Momentum Space with a Bose-Einstein Condensate.

We present a discrete-time, one-dimensional quantum walk based on the entanglement between the momentum of ultracold rubidium atoms (the walk space) and two internal atomic states (the "coin" degree of freedom). Our scheme is highly flexible and can provide a platform for a wide range of applications such as quantum search algorithms, the observation of topological phases, and the realization of walks with higher dimensionality. Along with the investigation of the quantum-to-classical transition, we demonstrate the distinctive features of a quantum walk and contrast them to those of its classical counterpart.

Photobiomodulation improved stereological parameters and sperm analysis factors in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on testicular tissues and fresh sperm analysis factors in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice. T1DM was induced in 15 male Syrian mice by injection of 200 mg/kg STZ. After one month, mice were divided randomly into three groups, harboring 5 mice each: 1, control group; 2, first laser group (890 nm, 80 Hz, 0.

Effects of Photobiomodulation on Degranulation and Number of Mast Cells and Wound Strength in Skin Wound Healing of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Background: A lack of effective treatments still exists for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. Photobiomodulation is proved as a beneficial therapeutic modality for wounds.

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of degranulation of mast cells and total number of mast cells in the remodeling step of an ischemic model of wound healing under the influence of photobiomodulation and conditioned medium (CM) from human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs-CM), or CM, administered alone and or in combination.

Muir-Torre Syndrome: A Case Report in a Woman Without Personal Cancer History.

We report a case of a 68-year-old white woman presenting with 5 sebaceous neoplasms, ranging from sebaceous adenoma to sebaceoma on histopathology. Despite the lack of a personal cancer history, her multiple sebaceous neoplasms and a paternal history of colon cancer prompted testing her sebaceous adenomas for microsatellite instability (MSI) by immunohistochemistry. The results showed retained nuclear expressions of MLH1 and PMS2 while MSH2 and MSH6 proteins were absent.

Evaluation of the Effects of Photobiomodulation on Partial Osteotomy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats.

Objective: We examined the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on stereological parameters, and gene expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) in repairing tissue of tibial bone defect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM) in rats during catabolic response of fracture healing.

Background Data: There were conflicting results regarding the efficacy of PBM on bone healing process in healthy and diabetic animals.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight rats have been distributed into four groups: group 1 (healthy control, no TIDM and no PBM), group 2 (healthy test, no TIDM and PBM), group 3 (diabetic control, TIDM and no PBM), and group 4 (diabetic test, no TIDM and PBM).

Combined effects of photobiomodulation and alendronate on viability of osteoporotic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Osteoporotic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis (OP). Photobiomodulation (PBM) has positive effects on healthy BMMSCs. The goal of current experiment was to evaluate the combined influence of photobiomodulation PBM and alendronate (ALN) incubation on ovariectomized induced osteoporosis(OVX)- BMMSC viability in vitro.

A quantitative comparison between SOX10 and MART-1 immunostaining to detect melanocytic hyperplasia in chronically sun-damaged skin.

Histologic differentiation of melanoma in situ (MIS) from solar keratosis on chronically sun-damaged skin is challenging. The first-line immunostain is usually MART-1/Melan-A, which can exaggerate the epidermal melanocytes, causing a diagnostic pitfall for MIS. By comparing MART-1 and SOX10 immunostaining, we scored the percentage of epidermal melanocytes per 2-mm diameter fields in pigmented actinic keratosis (n = 16), lichenoid keratosis (n = 7), junctional melanocytic nevus (n = 6), keratosis with atypical melanocytic proliferation (n = 17) and MIS (n = 10).

Eosinophilic variant of eccrine porocarcinoma of the scalp: Case report and review of the literature.

Porocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of the acrosyringium with metastatic potential that most commonly presents on the acral skin in older adults (mean age = 72 years). We present the case of a 43-year-old woman who developed a rapidly growing de novo porocarcinoma on the scalp with an unusual oncocytic appearance. The tumor consisted of benign eccrine poroma that arose from the epidermis and broad pushing borders with minimal cytological atypia but ample eosinophilic cytoplasm with numerous mitotic figures.

Systematic screening for skin, hair, and nail abnormalities in a large-scale knockout mouse program.

The International Knockout Mouse Consortium was formed in 2007 to inactivate ("knockout") all protein-coding genes in the mouse genome in embryonic stem cells. Production and characterization of these mice, now underway, has generated and phenotyped 3,100 strains with knockout alleles. Skin and adnexa diseases are best defined at the gross clinical level and by histopathology.

Identification of microRNAs associated with invasive and aggressive phenotype in cutaneous melanoma by next-generation sequencing.

A comprehensive repertoire of human microRNAs (miRNAs) that could be involved in early melanoma invasion into the dermis remains unknown. To this end, we sequenced small RNAs (18-30 nucleotides) isolated from an annotated series of invasive melanomas (average invasive depth, 2.0 mm), common melanocytic nevi, and matched normal skin (n=28).

Skin fragility in the wild-derived, inbred mouse strain Mus pahari/EiJ.

Mus pahari is a wild-derived, inbred mouse strain. M. pahari colony managers observed fragility of this strain's skin resulting in separation of tail skin from the mouse if handled incorrectly.

Paired comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of multispectral digital skin lesion analysis and reflectance confocal microscopy in the detection of melanoma in vivo: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Several technologies have been developed to aid dermatologists in the detection of melanoma in vivo including dermoscopy, multispectral digital skin lesion analysis (MDSLA), and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). To our knowledge, there have been no studies directly comparing MDSLA and RCM.

Objective: We conducted a repeated measures analysis comparing the sensitivity and specificity of MDSLA and RCM in the detection of melanoma (n = 55 lesions from 36 patients).

Heterogeneity of Metastatic Melanoma: Correlation of MITF With Its Transcriptional Targets MLSN1, PEDF, HMB-45, and MART-1.

Objectives: Histologic and molecular heterogeneity is well recognized in malignant melanoma; however, the diversity of expression of new and classic melanoma markers has not been correlated in serial sections of metastases.

Methods: We examined and correlated the expression of microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) with its transcriptional targets, including melastatin (MLSN1/TRPM1), pigment epithelium-derived factor (SERPINF1/PEDF), SILV/PMEL17/GP100 (human melanoma black 45 [HMB-45]), and melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART-1)/MLANA, in 13 melanoma metastases in lymph nodes of 13 patients. The expression levels and patterns of marker expression were recorded by a semiquantitative, 4-point ordinal reactivity method.

DermO; an ontology for the description of dermatologic disease.

Background: There have been repeated initiatives to produce standard nosologies and terminologies for cutaneous disease, some dedicated to the domain and some part of bigger terminologies such as ICD-10. Recently, formally structured terminologies, ontologies, have been widely developed in many areas of biomedical research. Primarily, these address the aim of providing comprehensive working terminologies for domains of knowledge, but because of the knowledge contained in the relationships between terms they can also be used computationally for many purposes.

Performance analysis of fractional order extremum seeking control.

Extremum-seeking scheme is a powerful adaptive technique to optimize steady-state system performance. In this paper, a novel extremum-seeking scheme for the optimization of nonlinear plants using fractional order calculus is proposed. The fractional order extremum-seeking algorithm only utilizes output measurements of the plant, however, it performs superior in many aspects such as convergence speed and robustness.