Effect of enrofloxacin on clinical parameters and mucociliary system of broilers challenged with H9N2 avian influenza/infectious bronchitis viruses.

Background: Effect of antibacterials on mucociliary system and clinical outcome of chickens with mixed viral respiratory conditions is not properly addressed.

Objective: We evaluated enrofloxacin effects on clinical parameters and mucociliary system of broilers challenged with H9N2/IB viruses.

Methods: Broilers (105), at the age of 25 days, were randomly allocated into three groups: Group 1 (negative control), no treatment; Group 2 (positive control [PC]) challenged by intranasal and intraocular route.

Fine ultrastructural features of germ cells and spermatozoa during spermatogenesis in the European grayling, (Teleostei, Salmoniformes, Salmonidae).

This study aimed to examine the ultrastructure of spermatogenic stages and mature spermatozoa in the European grayling, . The testes were examined microscopically with a transmission electron microscope to find out details of the structure and morphology of the grayling germ cells, spermatozoa and some somatic cells. The grayling testis has a tubular shape, with cysts or clusters of germ cells within seminiferous lobules.

A comprehensive investigation of the low-velocity impact response of enhanced GFRP composites with single and hybrid loading of various types of nanoparticles.

This study investigates the effects of incorporating various types of nanoparticles, both singularly and in hybrid form, on the low-velocity impact (LVI) response of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. GFRP composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method and different weight percentages (wt. %) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), clay, TiO, and CuO nanoparticles were added into the matrix of composites.

High Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome Components in Lichen Planus Patients: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis, involving the skin, appendages, and mucous membranes. There is a growing body of evidence about higher risk of metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in some dermatoses including LP.

Aim: To evaluate lipid profile, leptin, and CRP status among Iranian LP patients, compared to healthy controls, and peruse the relationship between abnormal values of these parameters with the disease duration and physical characteristics of patients.

Determination of annual reproductive cycle in male sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus using histology and ultrasound imaging.

The aim of this study was to evaluate seasonal testicular development in the cultured sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus. During annual sexual cycle of male sterlet, stages of gonad maturity were examined using histology and ultrasonography approaches. The histology identified males at different stages of maturity among fish sampled monthly.

Assessment of type I interferons, clinical signs and virus shedding in broiler chickens with pre and post challenge Newcastle disease vaccination.

Background: Newcastle disease (ND) causes devastating economic losses in poultry industry.

Aims: This study evaluates the plausible effect of prior or post challenge vaccination with a live commercial vaccine on some pathogenic aspects of velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) infection in broilers with an emphasis on elucidating type I interferons (IFNs) response trends.

Methods: Chicks (n=250) were randomly allocated into 5 equal groups including negative control (NC), positive control (PC) (challenged with vNDV), and treatment (T1-T3) groups: (T1) only received Villegas-Glisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) strain of NDV vaccine, (T2) vaccinated 24 h prior to vNDV challenge, and (T3) vaccinated 24 h post vNDV challenge.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Persian version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-P).

Objectives: This study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt and psychometrically validate a Persian version of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale (CRBS-P) and to identify the main barriers in an Iranian setting.

Setting: Afshar cardiac rehabilitation (CR) centre, affiliated with the Yazd University of Medical Sciences, in the centre of Iran.

Design: This was a multimethod study, culminating in a cross-sectional survey.

Ultrastructural feature of spermatogenic cells and spermatozoon in cultured burbot Lota lota.

Testis development and ultrastructure of spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa of burbot Lota lota, a commercially important cold freshwater fish, were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa are distributed along the seminiferous tubules. Electron-dense bodies appear in germ cells from primary spermatogonia to secondary spermatocytes.

Effects of temperature on sperm motility of burbot Lota lota: spontaneous activation and calcium dependency.

Several factors regulating activation of spermatozoon motility in Eurasian burbot, Lota lota, including osmolality, calcium (Ca ) ions, and temperature were investigated. Spermatozoon motility in Eurasian burbot, Lota lota was assessed at 4 and 30°C in seminal fluid, isotonic media (with and without Ca ) and hypotonic media (with and without Ca ). Spermatozoa were spontaneously activated in seminal fluid at 20°C and the maximum motility was recorded at 30°C, which is out of the spawning temperature range, indicating that no risk of activation occurs during routine semen handling in artificial insemination.

In vitro antioxidant enzyme activity and sperm motility at different temperatures in sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Influence of in vitro temperature on sperm antioxidant enzyme activity, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content and motility parameters was evaluated in sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Sperm activation was conducted at 4, 14 and 24 °C in both species. Duration of motility was significantly longer at 4 °C than at 14 and 24 °C in both species.

Infectious bursal disease virus suppresses H9N2 avian influenza viral shedding in broiler chickens.

1. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes immunosuppression in chickens, increasing their susceptibility to other infectious diseases and resulting in vaccination failure. Here, we investigated the immune-depressing effect of IBDV on H9N2 avian influenza viral infection in the broiler chickens.

Spermatozoa quality and sperm lipid composition in intensively cultured and wild burbot (Lota lota).

The aim of this study was to compare the spermatozoa quality parameters in spermatozoa of RAS (Recirculating Aquaculture System; RAS group) cultured (commercial pellets) and natural condition cultured (WILD group) burbot Lota lota (live prey, Pseudorasbora parva). Seven of nine fish of the RAS group produced sperm, with sperm from only four of the fish having a motility of >5%. Sperm were collected from all nine fish of the WILD group, and sperm of six of the fish from the WILD group had motility of about 100% and three had sperm with 50% to 60% motility.

Effects of antifreeze proteins on cryopreserved sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) sperm motility variables and fertilization capacity.

The effect of antifreeze proteins on sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus sperm motility variables and fertilization rate were investigated after cryopreservation. Two types of antifreeze proteins (AFPI or AFPIII) were used at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/mL.

Evaluation of blood monocyte and lymphocyte population in broiler chicken after vaccination and experimental challenge with Newcastle disease virus.

In the present study, after vaccination and challenge with Newcastle disease virus, changes in the population of blood monocytes and lymphocytes of broiler chickens were evaluated using flow cytometry. 300 apparently healthy 1-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were divided randomly into four experimental groups (n=75). At 20days of age the chicks in group 1 and 2 were vaccinated with live B1 ND vaccine.

Evaluation of the timing of the co-infection on pathogenecity of H9N2 avian influenza virus in broiler chickens.

Bacterial co-infections can probably influence the pathogenicity of H9N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (AIV). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exposure time to (O:2) on the pathogenicity of H9N2 AIV in broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty broiler chickens were randomly allocated to six equal groups.

Analysis of common carp Cyprinus carpio sperm motility and lipid composition using different in vitro temperatures.

In fish, sperm quality is frequently associated with sperm motility variables. The response of sperm motility to different temperatures varies among species and plasma membrane lipid composition may contribute to variations in findings in previous research. In the present study, sperm motility and lipid composition were analysed between motile or immotile carp Cyprinus carpio sperm at different in vitro temperatures (4, 14 and 24°C).

Gonad histology and serum 11-KT profile during the annual reproductive cycle in sterlet sturgeon adult males, Acipenser ruthenus.

The aim of this study was to assess monthly testicular development in the cultured breeding stock of sterlet, Acipenser ruthenus, using histological and serum sex steroid changes. Testicular development in the adult male was examined monthly and showed four distinct phases including resting, pre-spawning, spawning and post-spawning. Also, seasonal changes of the testes were described according to its variations in gonadosomatic index (GSI) during different phases of testicular development.

Evaluation of PCR and high-resolution melt curve analysis for differentiation of Salmonella isolates.

Consumption of poultry products contaminated with Salmonella is one of the major causes of foodborne diseases worldwide and therefore detection and differentiation of Salmonella spp. in poultry is important. In this study, oligonucleotide primers were designed from hemD gene and a PCR followed by high-resolution melt (HRM) curve analysis was developed for rapid differentiation of Salmonella isolates.

Effects of dietary administration of Rose hip and Safflower on growth performance, haematological, biochemical parameters and innate immune response of Beluga, Huso huso (Linnaeus, 1758).

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of two dietary medicinal herbs, Rose hip (Rosa canina) and Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) supplementation on growth performance, haematological, biochemical parameters and innate immune response of in juvenile beluga, Huso huso. Fish (26.3 ± 0.

Effects of Simple and Microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus With or Without Inulin on the Broiler Meat Quality Infected by Avian Influenza Virus (HN).

The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of simple and microencapsulated Lactobacillus acidophilus as probiotic with or without inulin as prebiotic on meat quality of broiler infected by avian influenza virus (HN). Two hundred-day-old chicks were randomly allocated into 14 groups based on simple, microencapsulated probiotic and prebiotic and based on vaccination and challenge with HN virus. Groups 1-7 contained 20 chicks, and groups 8-12 and 14 contained 10 chicks.

The in vitro effect of temperature on motility and antioxidant response of common carp Cyprinus carpio spermatozoa.

The effect of temperature on Cyprinus carpio spermatozoa in vitro was investigated with spermatozoa activated at 4, 14, and 24°C. At 30s post-activation, motility rate was significantly higher at 4°C compared to 14 and 24°C, whereas highest swimming velocity was observed at 14°C. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content was significantly higher at 14°C and 24°C than at 4°C in motile spermatozoa.

Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and inulin on faecal viral shedding and immunization against H9 N2 Avian influenza virus.

Aims: The aims of this investigation were to compare the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus addition as simple or microencapsulated (ME) probiotic and inulin as prebiotic to the broiler diet on the faecal viral shedding and immunization against avian influenza virus (AIV) with or without H9 N2 vaccination.

Methods And Results: Simple or ME forms of Lact. acidophilus, inulin and combination of them as synbiotic were analysed for their ability to enhance immunity against H9 N2 AIV and to decrease faecal viral shedding in Cobb-500 broiler chicks.

Detection of avian leukosis virus subgroups in albumen of commercial and native fowl eggs using RT-PCR in Iran.

Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) belong to Alpharetrovirus genus of the family Retroviridae that are widespread in nature. Different subgroups of ALV commonly infect egg-laying hens. They are responsible for economic losses due to both mortality and depressed performance in chickens.

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin genes of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from commercial chickens in Iran.

To determine the genetic relationship of Iranian viruses, the haemagglutinin (HA) genes from ten isolates of H9N2 viruses isolated from commercial chickens in Iran during 1998-2002 were amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic studies were conducted by comparing each isolate with those of the available H9N2 strains at GenBank. All these ten isolates had the same sequence -R-S-S-R/G-L- of proteolytic cleavage site of the HA.