A Parental Behavior Scale in Pediatric Dentistry: The Development of an Observational Scale.

Children's treatment means a triangular relationship between the child, practitioner, and parent, with specific interactions influencing the procedure. The objective was to create and validate a hetero-rating scale of parental behavior and verify the correlation between child and parental behavior during pediatric dentistry sessions. Treatment sessions were recorded and evaluated, including 60 children representing three age groups.

Obesity considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak.

The worldwide population is facing a double burden of epidemic, the COVID-19 and obesity. This is even more alarming as obesity increases the COVID-19 severity. However, the relationship between obesity and COVID-19 severity is more complex than a simple association with BMI.

Geographical variation of overweight, obesity and related risk factors: Findings from the European Health Examination Survey in Luxembourg, 2013-2015.

The analyses of geographic variations in the prevalence of major chronic conditions, such as overweight and obesity, are an important public health tool to identify "hot spots" and inform allocation of funding for policy and health promotion campaigns, yet rarely performed. Here we aimed at exploring, for the first time in Luxembourg, potential geographic patterns in overweight/obesity prevalence in the country, adjusted for several demographic, socioeconomic, behavioural and health status characteristics. Data came from 720 men and 764 women, 25-64 years old, who participated in the European Health Examination Survey in Luxembourg (2013-2015).

Metabolically healthy and unhealthy weight statuses, health issues and related costs: Findings from the 2013-2015 European Health Examination Survey in Luxembourg.

Aim: To investigate the relationship between metabolically healthy and unhealthy weight statuses and a wide range of related health issues, and healthcare and loss-of-productivity costs.

Methods: A total of 693 men and 729 women, aged 25-64 years, took part in the European Health Examination Survey conducted in Luxembourg between 2013 and 2015. Metabolically unhealthy normal-weight profiles were defined as having two or more cardiometabolic abnormalities (high blood pressure, high fasting glucose or triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol and/or previously diagnosed hypertension or diabetes) in people with normal weight.

Subtraction of subcutaneous fat to improve the prediction of visceral adiposity: exploring a new anthropometric track in overweight and obese youth.

Background: The efficiency of traditional anthropometric measurements such as body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (Waist C) used to replace biomedical imaging for assessing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is still highly controversial in youth.

Hypothesis And Objectives: We evaluated the most accurate model predicting VAT in overweight/obese youth, using various anthropometric measurements and their correlation with different body fat compartments, especially by testing, for the first time in youth, the hypothesis that subtracting the anthropometric measurement the most highly correlated with subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) and less correlated possible with VAT from an anthropometric abdominal measurement highly correlated with visceral and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT), predicts VAT with higher accuracy.

Subjects And Methods: VAT and SAAT data resulted from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis performed on 181 boys and girls (7-17 y) from Diabetes & Endocrinology Care Paediatrics Clinic in Luxembourg.

Cardiometabolic risk: leg fat is protective during childhood.

Background: Childhood obesity is associated with early cardiometabolic risk (CMR), increased risk of adulthood obesity, and worse health outcomes. Leg fat mass (LFM) is protective beyond total fat mass (TFM) in adults. However, the limited evidence in children remains controversial.

VAT=TAAT-SAAT: innovative anthropometric model to predict visceral adipose tissue without resort to CT-Scan or DXA.

Objective: To investigate whether a combination of a selected but limited number of anthropometric measurements predicts visceral adipose tissue (VAT) better than other anthropometric measurements, without resort to medical imaging.

Hypothesis: Abdominal anthropometric measurements are total abdominal adipose tissue indicators and global measures of VAT and SAAT (subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue). Therefore, subtracting the anthropometric measurement the more correlated possible with SAAT while being the least correlated possible with VAT, from the most correlated abdominal anthropometric measurement with VAT while being highly correlated with TAAT, may better predict VAT.

Assessment of epicardial fat volume and myocardial triglyceride content in severely obese subjects: relationship to metabolic profile, cardiac function and visceral fat.

Objective: To assess epicardial fat volume (EFV), myocardial TG content (MTGC) and metabolic profile in severely obese patients, and to determine whether ectopic fat depots are linked to metabolic disorders or myocardial function.

Research Design And Methods: Sixty-three subjects with normal LV function and no coronary artery disease, including 33 lean (BMI: 21.4 ± 2.

Ramadan fasting with diabetes: an interview study of inpatients' and general practitioners' attitudes in the South of France.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate attitudes in hospital inpatients and physicians towards Ramadan fasting and diabetes in Marseille.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted during the three months prior to the month of Ramadan. A total of 101 patients (age: 57±17 years) and 101 general practitioners (GPs) were recruited into the study.

Epicardial adipose tissue extent: relationship with age, body fat distribution, and coronaropathy.

Epicardial fat is a relatively neglected component of the heart and could be an important risk factor of cardiac disease. The objective of our study was to assess the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) extent, fat distribution, and coronaropathy in a group of adult victims of accidental or suspicious sudden death. In 56 cadavers, we performed 34 measurements of EAT from five computerized photographs of the heart (anterior and posterior faces, and three ventricle transversal slices) and analyzed their relationship with anthropometric markers of adiposity (BMI, waist and leg circumference, thickness of abdominal and thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT)), with the presence and staging of coronary artery disease (CAD), and with markers of myocardial hypertrophy.

Effect of sleep apnea syndrome on the circadian profile of cortisol in obese men.

It has been hypothesized that sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) increases hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and, through increased cortisol levels, participates in the pathophysiology of metabolic and cardiovascular complications. We compared the circadian profiles of cortisol in obese men with [obSAS+; apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >or= 20/h] and without SAS (obSAS-; AHI View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Insulin resistance induced by hydrocortisone is increased in patients with abdominal obesity.

Glucocorticoids hypersensitivity may be involved in the development of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. Eight normal weight and eight obese women received on two occasions a 3-h intravenous infusion of saline or hydrocortisone (HC) (1.5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)).

[Food intake: who controls what?].

Since the discovery of leptin and the characterization of the mechanisms leading to obesity in several animal models, considerable advance has been gained in the field of energy homeostasis. The hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in the short and long term regulatory loops that control food intake and body weight. Multiple peripheral signals, including leptin and insulin, convey information on the nutritional and metabolic status to the central nervous system.

Screening for primary hyperparathyroidism before thyroid surgery: A prospective study.

Background: Misdiagnosed primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) during thyroid surgery may lead to a difficult reoperation. Because PHPT is often asymptomatic, calcium measurements have been recommended before thyroid surgery, but no study has focused on the results of a prospective PHPT screening.

Methods: The prospective study of 748 patients consisted of 2-step screening of calcium measurement in all patients (normal range, 2.

IGF-I/IGFBPs system response to endotoxin challenge in sheep.

Endotoxin (LPS), a membrane component of gram-negative bacteria produces multiple endocrine and metabolic effects that mimic those seen in acute sepsis. It induces species-dependent alterations of the growth hormone (GH) axis that may participate in the shift of the metabolism towards catabolic events. Humans and sheep show increased GH secretion in response to LPS, as opposed to rats, which have been the most studied.

Combined hypervolemia and hypoosmolality alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to endotoxin stimulation.

Changes in corticotropin (ACTH) and glucocorticoid secretion have been described during disturbances of body fluid homeostasis and attributed to alterations in arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion from magnocellular hypothalamic neurons. In order to further characterize the mechanisms involved in the interactions between body fluid alterations and pituitary adrenal function, we manipulated osmolality and volemia in sheep under stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis by acute injection of endotoxin. We have recently shown that endotoxin injection induces a long-lasting release of both corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and AVP into hypophysial portal blood, and an early stimulation of AVP secretion into peripheral vessels, thus suggesting a joint activation of magnocellular and parvocellular neurons of the PVN.

On the meaning of low-dose ACTH(1-24) tests to assess functionality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

To analyse further the ACTH(1-24) low-dose test, which is of clinical interest, we have examined the dose-response relationship between plasma ACTH(1-24) and cortisol concentrations after i.v. administration of increasing doses (1, 5 or 250 microg) of ACTH(1-24) as a bolus.

Refinement of genetic localization of the Alström syndrome on chromosome 2p12-13 by linkage analysis in a North African family.

Alström syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by retinal pigment degeneration, neurogenic deafness, infantile obesity, hyperlipidemia, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. While the disease-related gene remains unknown, studies of the genetic isolate of French Acadians provisionally locate the Alström syndrome on chromosome 2p12-13 within a 14.9-cM interval.

Hypothalamic mediated action of free fatty acid on growth hormone secretion in sheep.

Experimental data suggest that elevated FFA levels play a leading role in the impaired GH secretion in obesity and may therefore contribute to the maintenance of overweight. GH has a direct lipolytic effect on adipose tissue; in turn, FFA elevation markedly reduces GH secretion. This suggests the existence of a classical endocrine feedback loop between FFA and GH secretion.

Effect of endotoxin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in sheep.

Endotoxin has been shown to stimulate ACTH and cortisol secretion through an action at the hypothalamic level. However, the nature of hypothalamic neurohormones, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and especially arginine vasopressin (AVP), involved in that regulation is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an acute i.