Visual function affects prosocial behaviors in older adults.

Eye-related pathological conditions such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration commonly lead to decreased peripheral/central field, decreased visual acuity, and increased functional disability. We sought to answer if relationships exist between measures of visual function and reported prosocial behaviors in an older adult population with eye-related diagnoses. The sample consisted of adults, aged ≥ 60 years old, at an academic hospital's eye institute.

Emotional self-efficacy and alcohol and tobacco use in adolescents.

This study examined relationships between emotional self-efficacy (ESE) and alcohol and tobacco use in a statewide sample of public high school adolescents (n = 2,566). The Center for Disease Control Youth Risk Behavior Survey and an adolescent ESE scale were utilized. Logistic regression analyses indicated the presence of any significant race by gender associations between lower ESE and alcohol and tobacco use.

Maternal fair/poor self-rated health and adverse infant birth outcomes.

We conducted a cross-sectional, correlational analysis of the West Virginia Birth Score Program database examining the relationship between maternal self-rated health (SRH) and infant low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and small for gestational age (SGA). We found that, after controlling for covariates, mothers reporting fair/poor SRH were more likely to deliver an LBW infant (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.