Insights into Treponema pallidum genomics from modern and ancient genomes using a novel mapping strategy.

Background: Treponemal diseases are a significant global health risk, presenting challenges to public health and severe consequences to individuals if left untreated. Despite numerous genomic studies on Treponema pallidum and the known possible biases introduced by the choice of the reference genome used for mapping, few investigations have addressed how these biases affect phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of these bacteria. In this study, we ascertain the importance of selecting an appropriate genomic reference on phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of T.

Phosphorus-deficiency stress in cucumber ( L.) plants: early detection based on chosen physiological parameters and statistical analyses.

Enhancing plant productivity and mitigating the impact of environmental stressors require a thorough understanding of phytomonitoring and physiological features indicative of plant health. This study delves into the response of cucumber plants to phosphorus deficiency employing diverse tools to identify key indicators and unravel the underlying mechanisms. Under phosphorus deficiency, a rapid response in older leaves was observed through the analysis of chlorophyll and carotenoid content.

Relationship between photosynthetic performance and yield loss in winter oilseed rape ( L.) under frost conditions.

Winter oilseed rape ( L.), the principal oilseed crop in Europe, is notably vulnerable to spring frosts that can drastically reduce yields in ways that are challenging to predict with standard techniques. Our research focused on evaluating the efficacy of photosynthetic efficiency analysis in this crop and identifying specific chlorophyll fluorescence parameters severely impacted by frost, which could serve as noninvasive biomarkers for yield decline.

Evidence of Directional Structural Superlubricity and Lévy Flights in a van der Waals Heterostructure.

Structural superlubricity is a special frictionless contact in which two crystals are in incommensurate arrangement such that relative in-plane translation is associated with vanishing energy barrier crossing. So far, it has been realized in multilayer graphene and other van der Waals (2D crystals with hexagonal or triangular crystalline symmetries, leading to isotropic frictionless contacts. Directional structural superlubricity, to date unrealized in 2D systems, is possible when the reciprocal lattices of the two crystals coincide in one direction only.

The Occurrence and Outcomes of Cemento-Osseous Dysplasias (COD) in the Jaw Bones of the Population of Lower Silesia, Poland.

Cemento-osseous dysplasias (CODs) are rare lesions of the jawbone. Their occurrence, localization, type, size, and shape can vary between cases. This fibro-osseous lesion is typically found in the jaw near tooth-bearing areas and is often asymptomatic, discovered incidentally, and may be associated with the periapical region of the teeth.

Lower limb interosseous membrane in foetuses.

Background: The leg interosseous membrane (LIM) stabilises the tibia and the fibula. These two bones articulate at the proximal and distal tibiofibular joints. In addition, the LIM is the place of attachment of tibialis anterior muscle, extensor digitorum longus muscle, fibularis tertius muscle (anatomical variant), tibialis posterior muscle and flexor hallucis longus muscle.

Searching for a relationship between the elemental composition of archaeological bones and the occurrence of caries.

Background: Although the macroscopic assessment of dental caries and the assessment of bone elemental composition are quite different, efforts can be made to identify commonalities in the assessment of health and nutritional quality. Both indicators are correlated with dietary habits and are dependent on taphonomic processes occurring in the postmortem substrate. However, teeth exhibit structural resilience of their hard tissues to adverse environmental factors.

Photosynthetic Performance and Yield Losses of Winter Rapeseed ( L. var. ) Caused by Simulated Hail.

Winter oilseed rape ( L.), Europe's foremost oilseed crop, is significantly impacted by hailstorms, leading to substantial yield reductions that are difficult to predict and measure using conventional methods. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of photosynthetic efficiency analysis for predicting yield loss in winter rapeseed subjected to hail exposure.

Extraction of His Bundle Pacing Lead: More Difficult than Coronary Sinus Lead Extraction: An Analysis of 3897 Lead Extraction Procedures Including 27 His and 253 Coronary Sinus Lead Removals.

Background: Experience with the transvenous extraction of leads used for His bundle pacing (HBP) is limited.

Methods: Analysis of 3897 extractions including 27 HBP and 253 LVP (left ventricular pacing) leads.

Results: The main reason for HBP lead extraction was lead failure (59.

Advancements in alveolar bone reconstruction: A systematic review of bone block utilization in dental practice.

Alveolar reconstructive surgery employs a variety of surgical techniques and biomaterials, with a particular focus on bone blocks as a crucial methodology for restoring and augmenting deficient bone structures. Bone blocks are often employed to support periodontal health or as a foundation for future prosthetic rehabilitation with dental implants. This systematic review investigated recent advances in bone blocks for alveolar bone reconstruction, comparing autologous, allogeneic and xenogeneic types.

A comparison of five methods to maximize RNA and DNA isolation yield from adipose tissue.

Adipose tissue in the human body occurs in various forms with different functions. It is an energy store, a complex endocrine organ, and a source of cells used in medicine. Many molecular analyses require the isolation of nucleic acids, which can cause some difficulties connected with the large amount of lipids in adipocytes.

New Equations for the Estimation of the Age of the Formation of the Harris Lines.

Harris Lines (HLs) are transverse, sclerotic lines that can be visualized by X-ray imaging and that occur in long bones, most commonly in the tibia and femur. HLs are associated with disrupted bone mineralization during endochondral ossification, affecting the normal growth process. The etiology of HLs is debated, with some claims linking their presence to detrimental factors such as inflammation, malnutrition, alcohol abuse, and diseases.

Improving strawberry plant resilience to salinity and alkalinity through the use of diverse spectra of supplemental lighting.

Background: This study explores the impact of various light spectra on the photosynthetic performance of strawberry plants subjected to salinity, alkalinity, and combined salinity/alkalinity stress. We employed supplemental lighting through Light-emitting Diodes (LEDs) with specific wavelengths: monochromatic blue (460 nm), monochromatic red (660 nm), dichromatic blue/red (1:3 ratio), and white/yellow (400-700 nm), all at an intensity of 200 µmol m S. Additionally, a control group (ambient light) without LED treatment was included in the study.

Correction: NGS read classification using AI.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Challenges associated with vascular access through the common carotid artery during embalming procedures in humans: A technical note.

Background: The teaching of anatomy is a key component in the training of physicians, and the foundation of this teaching is the human body, which must be properly prepared to be used as a teaching aid. Due to a lack of modern literature on this topic, we decided to write a technical note discussing access to the carotid artery.

Materials And Methods: We pre-qualified 43 donor bodies for the study.

Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Water-Soluble Isoxazole-Linked 1,3,4-Oxadiazole with Delocalized Charge: In Vitro and In Vivo Results.

The distinct structure of cationic organic compounds plays a pivotal role in enhancing their water solubility, which in turn influences their bioavailability. A representative of these compounds, which contains a delocalized charge, is 5-amino-2-(5-amino-3-methyl-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)-3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylium bromide (ED). The high-water solubility of ED obviates the need for potentially harmful solvents during in vitro testing.

Fungal symbionts impact cyanobacterial biofilm durability and photosynthetic efficiency.

Cyanobacteria contribute to over 25% of the world's net primary photosynthetic production and are pivotal in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. This study unveils a previously unobserved symbiotic relationship between benthic cyanobacteria and fungi that have also adapted to life as a plant endophyte. The interaction suggests an initial phase of lichenization.

Amantadine in unvaccinated patients with early, mild to moderate COVID-19: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.

Background And Purpose: Adamantanes were listed as an interesting option as an early intervention against COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of amantadine in preventing the progression of COVID-19 and its neurological sequelae.

Methods: Unvaccinated patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 5 days were enrolled.

Effect of four fluoroquinolones on the viability of bladder cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures.

Introduction: The anticancer properties of fluoroquinolones and the high concentrations they achieve in urine may help in bladder cancer therapy. This study aimed to analyze the properties of 4 fluoroquinolones as potential candidates for supportive treatment of bladder cancer.

Methods: Comparative analyses were performed on the cytotoxic effects of norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and ofloxacin on normal and cancer urothelial cell lines.

Comparison of various flow maldistribution quantification methods in mini heat exchangers.

The aim of study is to compare various flow maldistribution quantification methods, using velocity, mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature. An experimentally validated numerical study has been prepared and a heat exchanger with 34 semi-circular channels with a diameter of 3.1 mm has been tested.

Selective Growth of van der Waals Heterostructures Enabled by Electron-Beam Irradiation.

Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHSs) enable the fabrication of complex electronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials. Ideally, these vdWHSs should be fabricated in a scalable and repeatable way and only in the specific areas of the substrate to lower the number of technological operations inducing defects and impurities. Here, we present a method of selective fabrication of vdWHSs via chemical vapor deposition by electron-beam (EB) irradiation.

Effect of Neonatal Hearing Screening Results on the Lost to Follow-Up at the Diagnostic Level.

(1) Background: An important part of any neonatal hearing screening program is monitoring diagnostic visits to confirm or exclude the presence of hearing loss. In addition, time plays an important role in the diagnosis. We identified the number of children who came for a diagnostic visit and analyzed the time of the first audiological visit, depending on the result of the hearing screening test performed in the first days of a child's life and the presence or absence of risk factors of hearing impairment.

Distance of the cervical part of the internal carotid artery from the selected anatomical structures in the parapharyngeal space and its relation to patient characteristics.

Anomalies of the internal carotid artery (ICA) can increase the risk of haemorrhage during common surgical procedures. The aim of this literature review was to summarize the current state of knowledge on the course of the internal carotid artery in the parapharyngeal space, including the impact of the patient characteristics on the distances between the artery and other anatomical structures, as well as symptoms accompanying the aberrations. Pathologies related to the course of ICA in the parapharyngeal space are common (10%-60% in the general population and up to 84.