Impact of Wall Material Composition (Maltodextrin vs. Inulin vs. Nutriose) and Emulsion Preparation System (Nano- vs. Microemulsion) on Properties of Spray-Dried Linseed Oil.

The aim of this study was to compare the functional properties of linseed oil powders made of three types of wall material (OSA starch + maltodextrin, OSA starch + nutriose, and OSA starch + inulin) and two types of emulsion phases (micro- and nanoemulsion). For these independent variables, the properties of the prepared emulsions (flow curves and viscosity) and the resulting powders (encapsulation efficiency, particle size distribution, water activity, bulk and tapped density, Carr's index, color parameters, and thermal stability) were determined. The results showed that emulsion viscosity and most powder properties were affected by the emulsion type.

Variation in the Composition and Quality of L. Seed Oils-The Underestimated Impact on Possible Health-Promoting Properties.

L. (black cumin) is one of the most investigated medicinal plants in recent years. Volatile compounds like thymoquinone and unsaponifiable lipid compounds are crucial functional components of this oil.

Lysophosphatidylcholines Enriched with and Palmitoleic Acid Regulate Insulin Secretion via GPR119 Receptor.

Among lipids, lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) with various fatty acyl chains have been identified as potential agonists of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recently, targeting GPCRs has been switched to diabetes and obesity. Concomitantly, our last findings indicate the insulin secretagogue properties of and palmitoleic acid (16:1, n-7) resulting from GPCR activation, however, associated with different signaling pathways.

The impact of selected xanthophylls on oil hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase: in silico and in vitro studies.

Lipase inhibition is one of the directions to control obesity. In vitro assays have confirmed the inhibitory effect of selected xanthophylls, including astaxanthin, fucoxanthinol, fucoxanthin, and neoxanthin. Similarly, an in-silico study also demonstrated the successful inhibition of pancreatic lipase by astaxanthin.

-palmitoleic acid, a dairy fat biomarker, stimulates insulin secretion and activates G protein-coupled receptors with a different mechanism from the isomer.

Dietary -palmitoleic acid ( 16:1n-7, POA), a biomarker for high-fat dairy product intake, has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in some cross-sectional and prospective epidemiological studies. Here, we investigated the insulin secretion-promoting activity of POA and compared them with the effects evoked by the -POA isomer (POA), an endogenous lipokine biosynthesized in the liver and adipose tissue, and found in some natural food sources. The debate about the positive and negative relationships of those two POA isomers with metabolic risk factors and the underlying mechanisms is still going on.

Composition of flesh lipids and oleosome yield optimization of selected sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) cultivars grown in Poland.

Sea buckthorn berries contain lipids rich in palmitoleic acid, carotenoids, tocols and sterols, but their composition varies greatly depending on the cultivar and region of cultivation. Therefore, the current study presents the chemical composition of fruit flesh oils of cultivars grown in Poland and compares them with plants grown worldwide. Among tested cultivars, the highest shares of palmitoleic acid were determined in Golden Rain and Luczystaja cvs.

Supercritical CO extraction in chia oils production: impact of process duration and co-solvent addition.

This study was conducted to show impact of supercritical fluid extraction using pure SC-CO or SC-CO enriched by 2, 6, and 10% of acetone, simultaneously varied by the extraction time (1 vs. 5 h), on the quality of chia seed oils. Obtained oils were relatively similar in the fatty acid composition, but they differed in total content of phytochemicals (from 4956 to 6391 mg/kg of oil).

Commercial Cold Pressed Flaxseed Oils Quality and Oxidative Stability at the Beginning and the End of Their Shelf Life.

The aim of the study was to determine quality and oxidative stability of selected cold pressed flaxseed oils, fresh (after producing, the beginning of shelf life) and stored at refrigerator temperature (after three months, the end of declared shelf life). The fresh oils were characterized by organoleptic assessment, fatty acids composition and bioactive compounds content (sterols, tocols, squalene, carotenoids, and phenols). For the fresh and stored oils oxidative stability in the Rancimat test, and the hydrolytic and oxidation degrees using standard methods were determined.

Pancreatic injury in damage control laparotomies: Is pancreatic resection safe during the initial laparotomy?

Objectives: While damage control (DC) techniques such as the rapid control of exsanguinating haemorrhage and gastrointestinal contamination have improved survival in severely injured patients, the optimal pancreatic injury management strategy in these critically injured patients requiring DC is uncertain. We sought to characterise pancreatic injury patterns and outcomes to better determine optimal initial operative management in the DC population.

Materials And Methods: A two-centre, retrospective review of all patients who sustained pancreatic injury requiring DC in two urban trauma centres during 1997-2004 revealed 42 patients.

The invisible trauma patient: emergency department discharges.

Background: As the malpractice and financial environment has changed, injured patients evaluated by the trauma team and discharged from the emergency department (ED) are now commonplace. The evaluation, care, and disposition of this population has become a significant workload component but is not reported to accrediting organizations and is relatively invisible to hospital administrators. Our objective was to quantify and begin to qualify the evolving picture of the trauma ED discharge population as a work component of trauma service function in an urban, Level I trauma center with an aeromedical program.

Integrating emergency general surgery with a trauma service: impact on the care of injured patients.

Background: There has been considerable discussion on the national level on the future of trauma surgery as a specialty. One of the leading directions for the field is the integration of emergency general surgery as a wider and more attractive scope of practice. However, there is currently no information on how the addition of an emergency general surgery practice will affect the care of injured patients.

Redefining the future of trauma surgery as a comprehensive trauma and emergency general surgery service.

Background: Dwindling operative opportunities in trauma care may have a detrimental impact on career satisfaction among trauma surgeons and on career attractiveness to surgical trainees. Addition of emergency general surgery may alleviate some of these concerns.

Study Design: The trauma service at our institution incorporated nontrauma emergency general surgery over a 3-year period.

Nonoperative management of abdominal gunshot wounds.

Mandatory surgical exploration for gunshot wounds to the abdomen has been a surgical dictum for the greater part of this past century. Although nonoperative management of blunt solid organ injuries and low-energy penetrating injuries such as stab wounds is well established, the same is not true for gunshot wounds. The vast majority of patients who sustain a gunshot injury to the abdomen require immediate laparotomy to control bleeding and contain contamination.

Training in trauma surgery: quantitative and qualitative aspects of a new paradigm for fellowship.

Objective: To describe outcomes from a clinical trauma surgical education program that places the board-eligible/board-certified fellow in the role of the attending surgeon (fellow-in-exception [FIE]) during the latter half of a 2-year trauma/surgical critical care fellowship.

Summary Background Data: National discussions have begun to explore the question of optimal methods for postresidency training in surgery. Few objective studies are available to evaluate current training models.

Evolution in damage control for exsanguinating penetrating abdominal injury.

Objective: Damage control (DC) has proven valuable in exsanguinated patients. The purpose of this study was to quantify and qualify the impact of current damage control principles applied in a penetrating abdominal injury (PAI) population.

Methods: Over a 3-year period (June 1997-May 2000), of 271 laparotomies for PAI, 24 patients underwent DC (8.

Practical nutritional management in the trauma intensive care unit.

Critically injured patients offer an exceptional challenge to intensivists. Pre-existing disease states complicate horrendous disruptions in normal anatomy and physiology. The hypermetabolic, catabolic response brought on by trauma, shock, or sepsis serves to reprioritize the normal nutritional homeostasis of the body.

A critical assessment of endpoints of shock resuscitation.

Modern hemodynamic therapy is not only the recognition and treatment of hypotension but also the avoidance and treatment of shock in its broadest sense. The major issues include the recognition of hypoperfusion of the body as a whole or its individual tissues and organ systems and the determination of the best endpoints for the treatment of shock. Even if all of the commonly used clinical indicators of shock are "normal," shock on a cellular, tissue, or organ basis may still be present.

Postburn vitamin C infusions do not alter early postburn edema formation.

To determine whether vitamin C would alter burn induced edema accumulation, hind paw venous pressure, lymph flow (QL), and lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (CL/CP) were monitored in groups of 5 dogs before and 4 hours after 1) a 5 sec 100 degrees C or 90 degrees C foot paw scald; 2) intravenous vitamin C given 30 min before or after a 100 degrees C scald; and 3) vitamin C given 30 min after a 90 degrees C scald. Throughout the experiments, hind paw venous pressure was elevated and maintained by outflow restriction until steady state QL and (CL/CP)min were reached. Changes in protein permeability (CL/CP), fluid conductance properties (Kf) of the capillary membrane, and paw weight gain were determined.

Outpatient care in emergency departments: feasibility and comparison of three strategies for follow-up.

The outpatient population using the emergency department (ED) is increasing and so is the risk of not admitting people who need it. There is, thus, one important question: are the services delivered appropriate to the needs of these ED outpatients? Follow-up of non-admitted patients after a visit to the ED is a prerequisite for the evaluation of these health services. A multicentric follow-up study was thus performed in order to assess the possibility of contacting outpatients after a visit to the ED.

Takayasu's arteritis: management of a complex case and literature review.

Takayasu's arteritis, also known as pulseless disease, is an unusual cause of symptomatic peripheral vascular disease. It was first reported in 1908 by a Japanese ophthalmologist who described retinal arteriovenous shunts which appeared in a wreath-like distribution around the optic disc and microaneurysms of the retinal vessels in a 19-year-old Japanese woman. Onishi found similar findings in association with cool, pulseless upper extremities.

[Comparison of beta-2-agonist and beclomethasone effects on potassium levels, heart action and pulmonary ventilation parameters in patients with chronic asthmatic bronchitis].

The main goal of asthma treatment has usually been to maintain normal air potency with bronchodilators. A prompt improvement in physiologic measures of expiratory flow can be observed after administration beta-2-agonists or steroids. The present study aimed to assay the influence of fenoterol or beclomethasone therapy on the pulmonary ventilation (VC, FEV1, FEV1%), the heart action (heart rate, QT interval, 24 hours ECG) and the potassium balance in examined group.

Ultralow doses of vasopressin in the management of diabetes insipidus.

Management of postoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) frequently requires intermittent treatment with multiple subcutaneous injections of pituitrin or vasopressin, in doses averaging 20 IU/24 h. Use of a syringe pump for a continuous infusion of ultralow doses of pituitrin produced uniform, constant, and sustained reduction of urinary output, thus facilitating regular fluid replacement. Twelve patients with postoperative DI received iv pituitrin at a dose of 1.

[Anuria caused by tight stenosis of the renal arteries. 2 cases].

Two patients developed anuria associated with tight stenosis, though not complete obstruction, of the renal arteries. This rare and little known accident is found in atheromatous patients with severe arterial hypertension of renovascular origin. It usually occurs when blood pressure falls under the influence of a precipitating factor.