The "Triangle" Sign: A Novel Ultrasound Marker for Diagnosing Total Choroidal Detachment and Total Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the diagnostic utility of ultrasound B-scan while introducing the "Triangle" sign as a novel indicator. It also validates the sign's efficacy in distinguishing between choroidal detachment (CD) and suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH) from retinal detachment (RD) and vitreous hemorrhage (VH).

Patients And Methods: Retrospective analysis of consecutive cases of total CD and SCH undergoing B-scan at a single tertiary imaging center.

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy for the Detection and Characterization of Anterior Segment Cysticercosis.

Purpose: Ocular cysticercosis, caused by larvae, presents significant public health challenges, especially in regions with poor sanitation. Traditional imaging techniques often fail to detect anterior segment cysticercosis accurately, necessitating the exploration of more advanced diagnostic modalities like Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM).

Patients And Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was conducted on 18 eyes from 14 patients with cysticercosis involving the anterior segment.

Spinal Anesthesia Management in a 30-Year-Old Patient with Progeria Syndrome: A Case Report.

Progeria syndrome is a rare genetic disorder resulting in premature aging. General anesthesia is very challenging in these patients due to difficult intubation and age-related comorbidities. We describe spinal anesthesia management in a 30-year-old man with progeria syndrome.

Brolucizumab in age-related macular neovascularization (BRAIN study): Efficacy, optical coherence tomography biomarkers, and safety profile.

Background: Brolucizumab is a new anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (IPCV).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective, consecutive, interventional study was conducted from a tertiary eye hospital, in which treatment-naïve and treatment-switch patients were included. They underwent an intravitreal injection of brolucizumab.

Review of incidental ocular pathologies detected during the screening of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants.

Aim: The aim of the study was to report the spectrum of ocular pathologies other than retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) occurring in preterm babies, suggesting the need for universal screening in all babies.

Methods: Babies born before 34 weeks of gestational age (GA) and/or weighing <2000 g were screened at around 4 weeks of postnatal age and those born before 28 weeks of GA and weighing <1200 g were examined at 2-3 weeks of postnatal age. Babies between 34 and 36 weeks of GA or birth weight of 1750-2000 g with additional risk factors were also screened.

Effect of Vitamin C Infusion on Cerebral Oximetry During General Anesthesia for Carotid Endarterectomy in Diabetic Patients.

Background: There is conflicting information about the effect of vitamin C on brain oxygenation during anesthesia.

Objectives: The current study was designed and performed to assess the effect of vitamin C infusion and brain oxygenation with cerebral oximetry on improving brain perfusion during general anesthesia in vascular surgery of diabetic patients.

Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on patients candidates for endarterectomy under general anesthesia and referred to Taleghani Hospital in Tehran, Iran, during 2019 - 2020.

Retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants born following assisted conception versus spontaneously conceived pregnancies - A 2-year retrospective observational study from an urban tertiary eye care referral center in South India.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine if in vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with an increase in the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) among preterm infants.

Methods: This retrospective, comparative study included all the preterm babies who were screened under an urban multicentric outreach project between April 2019 and August 2022. Infant details including gender, birth weight, mode of conception, single or multiple gestation, gestational age and post-menstrual age in weeks, age at presentation, and any presence of risk factors were recorded and analyzed.

Bilateral choroidal effusion following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 virus.

An 80-year-old systemically stable female presented with sudden blurring of vision post the first dose of Covishield, a non-replicating viral vector vaccine. On examination, she was found to have bilateral serous choroidal effusions. A thorough systemic and ocular workup was performed to rule out other causes of choroidal effusion.

The Effect of Propofol Anesthesia on the Pain Severity and Frequency of Migraine Attacks in Patients with Chronic Migraine Headache over a Six Month Follow Up: An Observational Study.

Propofol is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic that is commonly used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Subanesthetic low doses of propofol has also been used to treat intractable migraine attacks in emergency wards with dramatic results. However, there is little information on the long-term efficacy of this drug in migraine headaches.

Effects of General Anesthesia Versus Spinal Anesthesia on Serum Cytokine Release After Cesarean Section: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Tissue damage caused by major surgery, such as cesarean section, may lead to a poor host immune response and excessive release of cytokines. These responses may increase the risk of infection, cause postoperative pain, and exert damaging effects on various body organs.

Objectives: Anesthesia methods may affect cytokine production after surgery.

The Effect of Repeated Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (R-DOPS) Assessment Method on the Clinical Skills of Anesthesiology Residents.

Background: The ultimate result of patient care is one of the most important outcomes in medical education. Several methods, including the direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS), have been proposed to assess professional competencies in clinical practice.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effects of the Repeated DOPS (R-DOPS) method on the performance of procedural skills in anesthesiology residents.

Early Visual Functional Outcomes and Morphological Responses to Anti-Vascular Growth Factor Therapy in Diabetic Macular Oedema Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: Diabetic macular oedema (DME) is a vision-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is useful for assessing DME. We performed serial OCTA measurements before and after 3 monthly intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections to understand its relationship with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) and vascular indices.

Need for manual segmentation in optical coherence tomography angiography of neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To compare the characteristics of eyes that had manual vs. automated segmentation of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: All patients with CNVM underwent OCTA using the Zeiss Angioplex Cirrus 5000.

Comparison of the Combined Femoral and Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block Plus Popliteal Block with Spinal Anesthesia for Thigh Tourniquet Pain During Foot or Ankle Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: A pneumatic thigh tourniquet is routinely used during lower-extremity orthopedic surgeries to provide a bloodless field. When using peripheral nerve blocks, tourniquet-related thigh pain and discomfort limit their routine use as an anesthetic method.

Objectives: The aim of the present prospective, randomized study was to compare the efficacy of combined femoral nerve/lateral femoral cutaneous nerve block technique and spinal anesthesia on intraoperative thigh tourniquet pain.

Saline vs. dextrose for local anesthetic dilution in brachial plexus block: A randomized study.

Higher sodium ions in saline diluted local anesthetic may reduce the anesthetic action of the drug as injected around the nerves. However, the impact of local anesthetic dilution agents on the quality of peripheral nerve blockades has not yet been widely investigated. This study was aimed at evaluating the impact of lidocaine dilution with normal saline vs dextrose 5% on onset time of supraclavicular approach to brachial plexus block.

Comparison of rectal indomethacin, diclofenac, and naproxen for the prevention of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis.

Background And Aim: NSAIDs are commonly utilized for the prevention of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP). However, not much is known about the most effective drug in preventing this complication. This study aims to clarify which drug (indomethacin, diclofenac, or naproxen) is most effective for the prevention of post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

Spinal needle force monitoring during lumbar puncture using fiber Bragg grating force device.

A technique for real-time dynamic monitoring of force experienced by a spinal needle during lumbar puncture using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is presented. The proposed FBG force device (FBGFD) evaluates the compressive force on the spinal needle during lumbar puncture, particularly avoiding the bending effect on the needle. The working principle of the FBGFD is based on transduction of force experienced by the spinal needle into strain variations monitored by the FBG sensor.

Preemptive Oral Clonidine Provides Better Sedation Than Intravenous Midazolam in Brachial Plexus Nerve Blocks.

Background: Preemptive analgesia is the blocking of pain perception afferent pathways before noxious painful stimuli. Clonidine is an alpha agonist drug that is partially selective for α-2 adrenoreceptors. Clonidine is used as anti-anxiety medication and an, analgesic, and it prolongs the duration of the block in the brachial plexus block.

Clinical correlation of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer genomics.

Background: Genomic studies in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) lag far behind those carried out in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To date, most SCLC studies have evaluated patients with surgically resectable disease. Here we sought to evaluate the genomic mutation spectrum of 'every-day' SCLC patient tumors with extensive stage disease (ES-SCLC) and to correlate mutations with the main clinical outcomes of response to chemotherapy, progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival.

Perivascular and Quadrant Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Its Relationship with Oxygen Saturation.

Purpose: To study whether there exists a relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and oxygen saturation and to identify whether perivascular thickness (pRNFL) or quadrant thickness (qRNFL) has a stronger correlation.

Methods: Patients without any detectable ocular abnormality on complete ophthalmic evaluation underwent non-invasive photo-spectrometric retinal oximetry on the Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter (Oxymap hf, Reykjavik, Iceland) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to determine if the pRNFL (Spectralis, Heidelberg, Germany) and the qRNFL (RtVue, Optovue) correlated with the measured light intensities and the calculated retinal oxygen saturations.

Results: 30 eyes of 30 patients (120 arterioles, 120 venules) were included in the study.