Mitotic chromatin marking governs the segregation of DNA damage.

The faithful segregation of intact genetic material and the perpetuation of chromatin states through mitotic cell divisions are pivotal for maintaining cell function and identity across cell generations. However, most exogenous mutagens generate long-lasting DNA lesions that are segregated during mitosis. How this segregation is controlled is unknown.

New facets in the chromatin-based regulation of genome maintenance.

The maintenance of genome integrity by DNA damage response machineries is key to protect cells against pathological development. In cell nuclei, these genome maintenance machineries operate in the context of chromatin, where the DNA wraps around histone proteins. Here, we review recent findings illustrating how the chromatin substrate modulates genome maintenance mechanisms, focusing on the regulatory role of histone variants and post-translational modifications.

Paternal microbiome perturbations impact offspring fitness.

The gut microbiota operates at the interface of host-environment interactions to influence human homoeostasis and metabolic networks. Environmental factors that unbalance gut microbial ecosystems can therefore shape physiological and disease-associated responses across somatic tissues. However, the systemic impact of the gut microbiome on the germline-and consequently on the F offspring it gives rise to-is unexplored.

Joint EURADOS-EANM initiative for an advanced computational framework for the assessment of external dose rates from nuclear medicine patients.

Background: In order to ensure adequate radiation protection of critical groups such as staff, caregivers and the general public coming into proximity of nuclear medicine (NM) patients, it is necessary to consider the impact of the radiation emitted by the patients during their stay at the hospital or after leaving the hospital. Current risk assessments are based on ambient dose rate measurements in a single position at a specified distance from the patient and carried out at several time points after administration of the radiopharmaceutical to estimate the whole-body retention. The limitations of such an approach are addressed in this study by developing and validating a more advanced computational dosimetry approach using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in combination with flexible and realistic computational phantoms and time activity distribution curves from reference biokinetic models.

Risk of hematological malignancies from CT radiation exposure in children, adolescents and young adults.

Over one million European children undergo computed tomography (CT) scans annually. Although moderate- to high-dose ionizing radiation exposure is an established risk factor for hematological malignancies, risks at CT examination dose levels remain uncertain. Here we followed up a multinational cohort (EPI-CT) of 948,174 individuals who underwent CT examinations before age 22 years in nine European countries.

Complete patient exposure during paediatric brain cancer treatment for photon and proton therapy techniques including imaging procedures.

Background: In radiotherapy, especially when treating children, minimising exposure of healthy tissue can prevent the development of adverse outcomes, including second cancers. In this study we propose a validated Monte Carlo framework to evaluate the complete patient exposure during paediatric brain cancer treatment.

Materials And Methods: Organ doses were calculated for treatment of a diffuse midline glioma (50.

Blind Source Separation of Intermittent Frequency Hopping Sources over LOS and NLOS Channels.

This paper studies blind source separation (BSS) for frequency hopping (FH) sources. These radio frequency (RF) signals are observed by a uniform linear array (ULA) over (i) line-of-sight (LOS), (ii) single-cluster, and (iii) multiple-cluster Spatial Channel Model (SCM) settings. The sources are stationary, spatially sparse, and their activity is intermittent and assumed to follow a hidden Markov model (HMM).

Mitotic chromatin marking governs asymmetric segregation of DNA damage.

The faithful segregation of intact genetic material and the perpetuation of chromatin states through mitotic cell divisions are pivotal for maintaining cell function and identity across cell generations. However, most exogenous mutagens generate long-lasting DNA lesions that are segregated during mitosis. How this segregation is controlled is unknown.

The DNA damage response in the chromatin context: A coordinated process.

In the cell nucleus, DNA damage signaling and repair machineries operate on a chromatin substrate, the integrity of which is critical for cell function and viability. Here, we review recent advances in deciphering the tight coordination between chromatin maintenance and the DNA damage response (DDR). We discuss how the DDR impacts chromatin marks, organization and mobility, and, in turn, how chromatin alterations actively contribute to the DDR, providing additional levels of regulation.

Effectiveness of staff radiation protection devices for interventional cardiology procedures.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of currently available radioprotective (RP) devices in reducing the dose to interventional cardiology staff, especially to the eye lens and brain.

Methods: The performances of five RP devices (masks, caps, patient drapes, staff lead and lead-free aprons and Zero-Gravity (ZG) suspended radiation protection system) were assessed by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. A geometry representative of an interventional cardiology setup was modelled and several configurations, including beam projections and staff distance from the source, were investigated.

Impact of the implementation of the new radiation quantities recommended by ICRU/ICRP for practical use in interventional radiology: a Monte Carlo study.

The International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) proposed a new set of operational quantities for radiation protection for external radiation in its Report Committee 26 (). The new proposal aims to improve the coherence between the operational quantities and the definitions of the protection quantities in the recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection set out in 2007 (). It is expected that this change in operational quantities will impact current dosimeter designs.

Extremity exposure of nuclear medicine workers: results from an EANM and EURADOS survey.

Background: Extremity exposure during the handling of unsealed radioactive sources is a matter of concern for nuclear medicine workers. Next to Tc and F, other radiopharmaceuticals have seen an increase in their use over the last decade. However, limited information on their impact on extremity dose is available.

Brain cancer after radiation exposure from CT examinations of children and young adults: results from the EPI-CT cohort study.

Background: The European EPI-CT study aims to quantify cancer risks from CT examinations of children and young adults. Here, we assess the risk of brain cancer.

Methods: We pooled data from nine European countries for this cohort study.

Experimental Validation of an Analytical Program and a Monte Carlo Simulation for the Computation of the Far Out-of-Field Dose in External Beam Photon Therapy Applied to Pediatric Patients.

Background: The out-of-the-field absorbed dose affects the probability of primary second radiation-induced cancers. This is particularly relevant in the case of pediatric treatments. There are currently no methods employed in the clinical routine for the computation of dose distributions from stray radiation in radiotherapy.

Validation of a Monte Carlo Framework for Out-of-Field Dose Calculations in Proton Therapy.

Proton therapy enables to deliver highly conformed dose distributions owing to the characteristic Bragg peak and the finite range of protons. However, during proton therapy, secondary neutrons are created, which can travel long distances and deposit dose in out-of-field volumes. This out-of-field absorbed dose needs to be considered for radiation-induced secondary cancers, which are particularly relevant in the case of pediatric treatments.

Mapping the deformability of natural and designed cellulosomes in solution.

Background: Natural cellulosome multi-enzyme complexes, their components, and engineered 'designer cellulosomes' (DCs) promise an efficient means of breaking down cellulosic substrates into valuable biofuel products. Their broad uptake in biotechnology relies on boosting proximity-based synergy among the resident enzymes, but the modular architecture challenges structure determination and rational design.

Results: We used small angle X-ray scattering combined with molecular modeling to study the solution structure of cellulosomal components.

An investigation into potential improvements in the design of lead glasses for protecting the eyes of interventional cardiologists.

The lens of the eye can be damaged by ionising radiation, so individuals whose eyes are exposed to radiation during their work may need to protect their eyes from exposure. Lead glasses are widely available, but there are questions about their efficiency in providing eye protection. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations are used to assess the efficiency of lead glasses in protecting the sensitive volume of the eye lens.

The effect of lead free cap on the doses of ionizing radiation to the head of interventional cardiologists working in haemodynamic room.

Objectives: The study aim was to analyse the influence of the lead free cap on doses received by interventional cardiologists. The impact of lead free cap on doses to the head were evaluated in number of studies. As different methods used to assess the attenuation properties of protective cap can lead to ambiguous results, a detailed study was performed.

Efficacy of MAVIG X-Ray Protective Drapes in Reducing CTO Operator Radiation.

Background: The MAVIG X-ray protective drape (MXPD) has been shown to reduce operator radiation dose during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Whether MXPDs are also effective in reducing operator radiation during chronic total occlusion (CTO) PCI, often with dual access, is unknown.

Methods: We performed a prospective, randomized-controlled study comparing operator radiation dose during CTO PCI ( = 60) with or without pelvic MXPDs.

Establishing a priori and a posteriori predictive models to assess patients' peak skin dose in interventional cardiology. Part 2: results of the VERIDIC project.

Background: Optimizing patient exposure in interventional cardiology is key to avoid skin injuries.

Purpose: To establish predictive models of peak skin dose (PSD) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO), and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures.

Material And Methods: A total of 534 PCI, 219 CTO, and 209 TAVI were collected from 12 hospitals in eight European countries.