[Immunopsychiatry and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Links and possible consequences].

Objective: The SARS-CoV-2 (or COVID-19) pandemic has been propagating since December 2019, inducing a drastic increase in the prevalence of anxious and depressive disorders in the general population. Psychological trauma can partly explain these disorders. However, since psychiatric disorders also have an immuno-inflammatory component, the direct effects of the virus on the host's immune system, with a marked inflammatory response, but also the secondary inflammation to these psychosocial stressors, may cause the apparition or the worsening of psychiatric disorders.

Thyroid function and perchlorate in drinking water: an evaluation among California newborns, 1998.

Perchlorate (ClO4-) has been detected in groundwater sources in numerous communities in California and other parts of the United States, raising concerns about potential impacts on health. For California communities where ClO4- was tested in 1997 and 1998, we evaluated the prevalence of primary congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) and high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels among the 342,257 California newborns screened in 1998. We compared thyroid function results among newborns from 24 communities with average ClO4- concentrations in drinking water>5 microg/L (n=50,326) to newborns from 287 communities with average concentrations View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The management of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents.

The medical community faces an emerging epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in children and adolescents with a disproportionate increase among certain ethnic groups. T2DM represents one arm of the metabolic syndrome and parallels an increasing prevalence of obesity. The metabolic syndrome includes insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension with a consequent risk of early cardiovascular disease.

Primary congenital hypothyroidism, newborn thyroid function, and environmental perchlorate exposure among residents of a Southern California community.

The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether there were higher rates of primary congenital hypothyroidism (PCH) or elevated concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in a community where perchlorate was detected in groundwater wells. The adjusted PCH prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) comparing the study community to San Bernardino and Riverside counties combined was 0.45 (95% CI=0.

Ethics and the management of the patient with intersex: a middle way.

We review the controversies surrounding the management of patients born with ambiguous genitalia to determine the strengths and weaknesses of recommendations for clinical practice. Traditional practice involves paternalistic decision making by medical practitioners, including the use of deception and/or incomplete communication of facts about the infant's condition and early surgical intervention to make a "definitive" sex and gender assignment. However, modern scientific evidence about sex-role determination refutes earlier theories supporting the appropriateness and need for early decisions.

Adrenal suppression in children with the human immunodeficiency virus treated with megestrol acetate.

Symptoms and laboratory evidence of adrenal suppression developed in 2 children with the human immunodeficiency virus after megestrol acetate (MA) therapy was discontinued; both required transient glucocorticoid replacement therapy. High-dose corticotropin stimulation testing performed on children with the human immunodeficiency virus treated or not treated with MA showed that baseline and post-corticotropin cortisol levels were extremely low in 7 of 10 treated patients and normal in 10 of 10 members of a control group (P <.01).

Abnormalities of water metabolism after surgery for optic/chiasmatic astrocytomas in children.

A major concern during the early postoperative period after surgical resection of optic chiasmatic gliomas is the derangement of sodium and water metabolism which may add to the morbidity of the procedure. The purpose of this study was to characterize the abnormalities of water and sodium metabolism in children with optic chiasmatic gliomas treated surgically at British Columbia's Children's Hospital and to identify therapeutic modalities which might prevent or ameliorate the development of these complications. A retrospective chart review of children with optic/chiasmatic gliomas undergoing operations on the tumor was performed and the pre- and postoperative radiographs reviewed by an independent neuroradiologist.

Role of surgical resection in the treatment of hypothalamic hamartomas causing precocious puberty. Report of six cases.

Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are benign tumors that are often associated with central precocious puberty. Resection of HHs has been recommended as a treatment option for selected cases of pedunculated lesions, especially in young children. The role of surgery has to be evaluated in the light of the availability of effective medical treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHas).

Growth and growth factors in premature infants receiving dexamethasone for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Physical growth and the serum growth factors, insulin growth factor 1 (IGF1) and its binding protein (IGFBP3) were measured weekly during dexamethasone treatment and for 3 weeks after stopping therapy in 10 ventilated babies [median (range) birth weight 860 g (640-1210); median (range) gestational age 26 weeks (24-29)] with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The mean (+/- SE) rates of change of all physical measures except crown-rump length (CRL) increased significantly after stopping dexamethasone: weight gain 13.2 (+/- 1.

Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant and breast-feeding women and their infants.

We describe the cases of five consecutive infants with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency and their mothers. Four of the infants were light skinned, all had poor sunlight exposure, and all were breast-fed or had diets low in vitamin D. All mothers had vitamin D deficiency.

Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus and macroglossia.

Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus is an uncommon disorder. Macroglossia in association with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus has been reported only twice before. We report the case of a 21-day-old male infant referred from a peripheral hospital for management of hyperglycemia.

[The relation of the short radial extensor muscle of the wrist with the deep branch division of the radial nerve. Its significance in the physiopathology of elbow pain].

Since Roles and Maudsley's publication, in 1972, it has been admitted that the entrapment of the posterior interosseous nerve (PION) is a possible cause of lateral elbow pain. In the radial tunnel, at least 4 or 5 compressive structures have been described. The arcade of Frohse is a well known compressive cause while the medial edge of the extensor radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle is less frequently incriminated.

Neonatal hypoglycemia caused by hypopituitarism in infants with congenital syphilis.

Two infants with congenital syphilis and persistent hypoglycemia were found to have hypopituitarism. Hypopituitarism should be recognized as a potential complication of congenital syphilis; affected infants with persistent hypoglycemia should receive a prompt evaluation of pituitary function.

Association of autoimmunity with IgG2 and IgG4 subclass deficiency in a growth hormone-deficient child.

An association between humoral immune deficiency and childhood autoimmune disease has been previously established. We describe a 7-year-old male with severe autoimmune disease, recurrent infections, a marked deficiency of IgG2 and IgG4, and an inability to respond to polysaccharide antigens. This child was also found to have isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency.

Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus and neonate. XXII. The effect of somatostatin on the growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing factor.

We postulated that an increase in the biological effectiveness of somatostatin (SRIF) accounts, at least in part, for the decrease in basal and GRF-induced ovine GH (oGH) secretion observed around birth in the ovine fetus and neonate. To test this hypothesis, SRIF (SRIF-14; given as 30 micrograms/kg iv bolus, followed by 2 micrograms/kg.min for 75 min) was infused into chronically catheterized fetal and neonatal lambs, and the oGH response induced by GRF [GRF-(1-44) amide; 1 microgram/kg] in the presence of exogenous SRIF was compared to the oGH response induced by GRF in saline-infused controls.

Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus and neonatal lamb. XX. Effect of age, breeding season, and twinning on the growth hormone (GH) response to GH-releasing factor: evidence for a homeostatic role of fetal GH.

The ovine GH (oGH) response to GRF (1-44 amide) was evaluated in 74 chronically catheterized fetal and neonatal lambs. After a 1-h control period, GRF was administered iv, and the oGH response was studied during the next 60 min. The following variables were analyzed: GRF dose, fetal or neonatal age, breeding season, and singleton or multiple pregnancy.