Adsorption of aqueous alkylphenol ethoxylate surfactants by mesoporous carbon CMK-3.

Mesoporous carbon, CMK-3, was prepared using hexagonal SBA-15 mesoporous silica as the template and the adsorption of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE) onto CMK-3 was investigated. The adsorption process was well described using pseudo-second-order kinetics. At initial NPE concentrations of 107 and 530 mg l(-1), the adsorption rate constants were found to be 5.

The toxic effects of pentachlorophenol on rat Sertoli cells in vitro.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is the most toxic contaminant of chlorophenols (CPs). Due to improper disposal, PCP has become an environmental pollutant and is now considered to be ubiquitous. Previous studies about the influences of PCP on reproductive function were mostly focused on experiments in vivo.

[Effects of pentachlorophenol on rat sertoli cells].

Objective: To detect the toxic effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on cultured rat Sertoli cells.

Methods: The viability of Sertoli cells was detected and morphological examination was performed, followed by flow cytometric assay to evaluate the toxic effect of PCP on rat Sertoli cells.

Results: MTT assay showed that PCP induced a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in Sertoli cell viability.

[Analysis on the removal efficiency of phosphorus in some substrates used in constructed wetland systems].

Constructed wetlands are widely used to purify wastewater in some developing countries. As filter substrates in such wetland, these substrates play important role on removal of pollutants from wastewater. Selecting suitable substrates is one of the effective ways to improve the performance of constructed wetland on treating wastewater.

[Physiological responses of Ceratophyllum demersum under different nutritional conditions].

With static experiments, this paper investigated the protein and chlorophyll contents, and the peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of Ceratophyllum demersum cultured in meso-, eutro- and hypertrophic and Hoagland's solutions. The results showed that the changes of total N (TN) and total P (TP) concentrations in nutrient solutions had an obvious effect on the biosynthesis of C. demersum.

[Purification efficiency of several wetland macrophytes on COD and nitrogen removal from domestic sewage].

In order to investigate the role of wetland macrophytes in waster water purification and to select appropriate native filter plants in constructed wetland, three vertical-flow constructed wetlands were built with river sands as the substrates of Acorus gramineus, Juncus effusus and Iris japonica, and one without plant as the control. Investigation on the removal of COD and total nitrogen (TN) from domestic sewage showed that within lower concentrations of COD (<200 mg x L(-1)) and TN (<30 mg x L(-1)), more than 90% of COD and 80% of TN were removed from domestic sewage in all constructed wetlands. When the concentration of COD and TN increased, the purification efficiency of all constructed wetlands decreased to some extent.

Effects of four chlorobenzenes on serum sex steroids and hepatic microsome enzyme activities in crucian carp, Carassius auratus.

Four chlorobenzenes (chlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, p-chloro-methylbenzene) were administrated to the crucian carps (Carassius auratus) by peritoneal injections in the laboratory for 30 days. Serum testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol concentrations were detected using radioimmunology assay (RIA), and the activities of two hepatic microsome enzymes, glutathione s-transferase (GST) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT), were measured using the modified methods as described by Habig and Owens. Results showed that the four chlorobenzenes caused significant increases in serum testosterone concentration in the crucian carps (P < 0.

3,4-dichloroaniline-induced oxidative stress in liver of crucian carp (Carassius auratus).

3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) and its analogs are widely used as chemical intermediates in the synthesis of herbicides, azo dyes, and pharmaceuticals. They bring danger to growth, development, and propagation of aquatic organisms. The purpose of this study was to show DCA-induced oxidative stress response in liver of crucian carp (Carassius auratus).

Deriving freshwater quality criteria for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in China.

Freshwater quality criteria of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) were developed with particular reference to the aquatic biota in China, and based on USEPA's guidelines. Acute toxicity tests were performed on nine different domestic species indigenous to China to determine 48 h LC(50) and 96 h LC(50) values for 2,4,6-TCP. In addition, 21 d survival-reproduction test with Daphnia magna, 30 d embryo-larval test with Carassius auratus, 60 d fry-juvenile test with Ctenopharyngodon idellus, 30 d early life stage test with Bufo bufo gargarizans and 96 h growth inhibition test with Scenedesmus obliqaus were also conducted to estimate lower chronic limit and upper chronic limit values.

Deriving freshwater quality criteria for 2,4-dichlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in China.

Freshwater quality criteria for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) were developed with particular reference to the aquatic biota in China, and based on USEPA's guidelines. Acute toxicity tests were performed on nine different domestic species indigenous to China to determine 48-h LC50 and 96-h LC50 values for 2,4-DCP. In addition, 21 day survival-reproduction tests with Daphnia magna, 30-day embryo-larval tests with Carassius auratus, 60 day fry-juvenile test with Ctenopharyngodon idellus, 30 d early life stage tests with Bufo bufo gargarizans and 96 h growth inhibition tests with Scenedesms obliqaus were conducted, to estimate lower chronic limit (LCL) and upper chronic limit (UCL) values.