Relationship between clarithromycin MICs and treatment responses in Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease.

Background: Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) is a chronic lung condition with rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. Macrolides like azithromycin and clarithromycin are the backbone of long-term antibiotic therapy for progressive MAC-PD. The impact of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), especially within the susceptible range, for macrolides on treatment responses remains unclear.

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Plus Ultrasound Versus Digital Mammography Plus Ultrasound for Screening Breast Cancer in Women With Dense Breasts.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) screening combined with ultrasound (US) with those of digital mammography (DM) combined with US in women with dense breasts.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective database search identified consecutive asymptomatic women with dense breasts who underwent breast cancer screening with DBT or DM and whole-breast US simultaneously between June 2016 and July 2019. Women who underwent DBT + US (DBT cohort) and DM + US (DM cohort) were matched using 1:2 ratio according to mammographic density, age, menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy, and a family history of breast cancer.

9 months of delamanid, linezolid, levofloxacin, and pyrazinamide versus conventional therapy for treatment of fluoroquinolone-sensitive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-END): a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 2/3 non-inferiority trial in South Korea.

Background: With the introduction of new anti-tuberculosis drugs, all-oral regimens with shorter treatment durations for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis have been anticipated. We aimed to investigate whether a new all-oral regimen was non-inferior to the conventional regimen including second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs for 20-24 months in the treatment of fluoroquinolone-sensitive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

Methods: In this multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 2/3 non-inferiority trial, we enrolled men and women aged 19-85 years with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis confirmed by phenotypic or genotypic drug susceptibility tests or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis by genotypic tests at 12 participating hospitals throughout South Korea.

Addition of Screening Breast US to Digital Mammography and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis for Breast Cancer Screening in Women at Average Risk.

Background Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with or without digital mammography (DM) is the primary method of breast cancer screening. However, the sufficiency of DBT screening for women at average risk and the need for supplemental whole-breast US needs further investigation. Purpose To evaluate the added value of supplemental US screening following combined DM/DBT.

The Long-term Reoperation Rate Following Surgery for Lumbar Stenosis: A Nationwide Sample Cohort Study With a 10-year Follow-up.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study of a nationwide sample database.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the long-term incidence of reoperation for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) after anterior fusion, posterior fusion, and decompression.

Summary Of Background Data: Surgical treatment for LSS can be largely divided into 2 categories: decompression only and decompression with fusion.

Long-Term Effect of Diabetes on Reoperation After Lumbar Spinal Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Sample Cohort Study.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with poor postoperative outcomes and increased morbidity after surgeries. Some previous studies have addressed the close association between DM and those leading to reoperations, whereas others have rejected this theory. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term effect of DM on lumbar spinal surgery using data from a nationwide sample cohort.

The Long-term Reoperation Rate Following Surgery for Lumbar Herniated Intervertebral Disc Disease: A Nationwide Sample Cohort Study With a 10-year Follow-up.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study of a nationwide sample database.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to compare the long-term incidence of reoperation for lumbar herniated intervertebral disc disease (HIVD) after major surgical techniques (open discectomy, OD; laminectomy; percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, PELD; fusion).

Summary Of Background Data: HIVD is a major spinal affliction; if the disease is intractable, surgery is recommended.

Sagittal imbalance in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis and outcomes after simple decompression surgery.

Background Context: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the most common lumbar degenerative disease, and sagittal imbalance is uncommon. Forward-bending posture, which is primarily caused by buckling of the ligamentum flavum, may be improved via simple decompression surgery.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to identify the risk factors for sagittal imbalance and to describe the outcomes of simple decompression surgery.

Work productivity and activity impairment in gastroesophageal reflux disease in Korean full-time employees: a multicentre study.

Introduction: The costs of gastroesophageal reflux disease have not been assessed in Asia, even though the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease is gradually increasing. We evaluated work presenteeism and absenteeism as indirect costs of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Korea.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional and multicentre study using patient-reported outcome instruments.