DNA damage induced PARP-1 overactivation confers paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain by regulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism.

Aims: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has been extensively investigated in human cancers. Recent studies verified that current available PARP inhibitors (Olaparib or Veliparib) provided clinical palliation of clinical patients suffering from paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP). However, the underlying mechanism of PARP overactivation in the development of PINP remains to be investigated.

Cancer burden attributable to risk factors, 1990-2019: A comparative risk assessment.

An up-to-date comprehensive assessment of the cancer burden attributable to risk factors is essential for cancer prevention. We analyzed the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancer disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to 11 level 2 risk factors using data from the Global Burden and Disease Study (GBD) 2019. We highlighted that almost half of the cancer DALYs can be preventable by modifying relevant risk factors.

Global Burden of Lung Cancer Attributable to Household Fine Particulate Matter Pollution in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990 to 2019.

Introduction: Household particulate matter (PM) air pollution is substantially associated with lung cancer. Nevertheless, the global burden of lung cancer attributable to household PM2.5 is still uncertain.

Targeting the Main Sources of Reactive Oxygen Species Production: Possible Therapeutic Implications in Chronic Pain.

Humans have long been combating chronic pain. In clinical practice, opioids are firstchoice analgesics, but long-term use of these drugs can lead to serious adverse reactions. Finding new, safe and effective pain relievers that are useful treatments for chronic pain is an urgent medical need.

Health burden of unbalanced fatty acids intake from 1990 to 2019: A global analysis.

Background: Unbalanced fatty acids intake is associated with a range of health outcomes; however, the impact on human health remains unclear globally. We aim to provide a comprehensive assessment of the health effect of unbalanced fatty acids intake on a global scale.

Methods: We analyzed the trends of summary exposure value (SEV) and the attributable burden of unbalanced fatty acids intake, including diet low in polyunsaturated fatty acids (low PUFAs), diet low in seafood omega-3 fatty acids (low seafood-(ω-3)-PUFAs), and diet high in trans fatty acids (high TFAs) from 1990 to 2019 using data from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Effect of PM air pollution on the global burden of lower respiratory infections, 1990-2019: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is closely related to lower respiratory infections (LRIs). However, the global LRI burden attributable to PM remains unclear. Here, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the PM-attributable LRI burden using data from the Global Burden and Disease Study (GBD) 2019.

Trends and risk factors of global incidence, mortality, and disability of genitourinary cancers from 1990 to 2019: Systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: The incidence of kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer ranked ninth, sixth, and third in male cancers respectively, meanwhile, the incidence of testicular cancer also increased gradually in the past 30 years.

Objective: To study and present estimates of the incidence, mortality, and disability of kidney, bladder, prostate, and testicular cancer by location and age from 1990 to 2019 and reveal the mortality risk factors of them.

Materials: The Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 was used to obtain data for this research.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of CKD due to Glomerulonephritis from 1990 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Background: CKD is becoming a major human health concern. Limited quantitative assessments of the burden of CKD due to glomerulonephritis have been performed. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the disease burden to update the epidemiology of this disease.

Naringenin promoted spinal microglia M2 polarization in rat model of cancer-induced bone pain via regulating AMPK/PGC-1α signaling axis.

Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) treatment remains a clinical challenge because the pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Recently, it was verified that shifting microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype reveals a potential strategy for CIBP treatment. Naringenin, a natural flavone flavonoid, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.

Clinical Applications of Liquid Biopsy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high mortality and poor prognosis in the world. The low rate of early diagnosis, as well as the high risk of postoperative metastasis and recurrence, led to the poor clinical prognosis of HCC patients. Currently, it mainly depends on serum markers, imaging examination, and tissue biopsy to diagnose and determine the recurrence and metastasis of HCC after treatments.

Galectin-3 in Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation: Implications for Central Nervous System Diseases.

Microglial activation is one of the common hallmarks shared by various central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Based on surrounding circumstances, activated microglia play either detrimental or neuroprotective effects. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a group of β-galactoside-binding proteins, has been cumulatively revealed to be a crucial biomarker for microglial activation after injuries or diseases.

STING/NF-κB/IL-6-Mediated Inflammation in Microglia Contributes to Spared Nerve Injury (SNI)-Induced Pain Initiation.

Innate immune response acts as the first line of host defense against damage and is initiated following the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). For double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) sensing, interferon gene stimulator (STING) was discovered to be an integral sensor and could mediate the immune and inflammatory response. Selective STING antagonist C-176 was administered and pain behaviors were assessed following spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced neuropathic pain.

β2-adrenoreceptor agonist ameliorates mechanical allodynia in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via induction of mitochondrial biogenesis.

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain is a debilitating and common side effect of cancer treatment and so far no effective drug is available for treatment of the serious side effect. Previous studies have demonstrated β2-adrenoreceptor (ADRB2) agonists can attenuate neuropathic pain. However, the role of ADRB2 in paclitaxel -induced neuropathic pain (PINP) remains unclear.

Wnt signaling: A prospective therapeutic target for chronic pain.

Despite the rapid advance over the past decades to design effective therapeutic pharmacological interventions, chronic pain remains to be an unresolved healthcare concern. Long term use of opioids, the first line analgesics, often causes detrimental side effects. Therefore, a profound understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of chronic pain states is urgently needed for the management of chronic pain.

Nox2 contributes to reactive oxygen species-induced redox imbalance in cancer-induced bone pain.

We have recently demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers ameliorate mechanical allodynia in a rat model of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). In the present study, we investigated anti-nociceptive effect of Nox inhibitor apocynin in CIBP in rats. Mechanical allodynia was assessed by Von Frey tests in sham and CIBP group of rats.

The therapeutic potential of Nrf2 inducers in chronic pain: Evidence from preclinical studies.

Chronic pain remains an enormous health problem affecting approximatively 30% of the world's population. Opioids as the first line analgesics often leads to undesirable side effects when used long term. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed to the development of more efficacious analgesics.

Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Assessing Survival in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide and continues to threaten peoples' health as well as put pressure on the accessibility of medical systems. Early prediction of survival of hospitalized patients will help in the clinical management of COVID-19, but a prediction model that is reliable and valid is still lacking.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 628 confirmed cases of COVID-19 using positive RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China.

Targeting JAK-STAT Signaling to Control Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19.

Recent advances in the pathophysiologic understanding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has indicated that patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might experience cytokine release syndrome (CRS), characterized by increased interleukin (IL)-6, IL-2, IL-7, IL-10, etc. Therefore, the treatment of cytokine storm has been proposed as a critical part of rescuing severe COVID-19. Several of the cytokines involved in COVID-19 employ a distinct intracellular signaling pathway mediated by Janus kinases (JAKs).

PPARγ activation mitigates mechanical allodynia in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via induction of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) is a dose-limiting side effect and is refractory to widely used analgesic drugs. Previous studies have demonstrated a protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gama (PPARγ) in neuropathic pain. However, whether PPARγ activation could alleviate PINP remains to be elucidated.

Nrf2 activation ameliorates mechanical allodynia in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.

Paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain (PINP) is refractory to currently used analgesics. Previous studies show a pivotal role of oxidative stress in PINP. Because the nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been considered as the critical regulator of endogenous antioxidant defense, we here explored whether activation of Nrf2 could attenuate PINP.

Src-family protein tyrosine kinases: A promising target for treating chronic pain.

Despite the growing knowledge of the mechanisms of chronic pain, the treatment of this disorder in the clinic remains a major challenge. Src-family protein tyrosine kinases (SFKs), a group of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases, have been implicated in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. SFKs are critical for the regulate of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) 2B subunit phosphorylation by various transmembrane receptors, e.

The endocannabinoid system: Novel targets for treating cancer induced bone pain.

Treating Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) continues to be a major clinical challenge and underlying mechanisms of CIBP remain unclear. Recently, emerging body of evidence suggested the endocannabinoid system (ECS) may play essential roles in CIBP. Here, we summarized the current understanding of the antinociceptive mechanisms of endocannabinoids in CIBP and discussed the beneficial effects of endocannabinoid for CIBP treatment.