STING Driving Synaptic Phagocytosis of Hippocampal Microglia/Macrophages Contributes to Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy in Mice.

Background: Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a serious neurologic complication in septic patients with poor prognoses. There is increasing evidence that stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays a crucial role in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. However, whether sepsis associated with STING changes contributes to cognitive impairment is unknown.

Associations between oral frailty, oral microbiota composition, and postoperative delirium in older adult patients.

Background: Poor oral health, prevalent among the older adults, can undermine overall health and contribute to frailty. Older adults experiencing oral frailty and dysbiosis potentially face an elevated risk of postoperative delirium. This study aims to explore the influence of oral frailty and changes in oral microbiota composition on occurrence of postoperative delirium in older adult patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Oxytocin attenuates neuroinflammation-induced anxiety through restoration of excitation and inhibition balance in the anterior cingulate cortex in mice.

Background: Accumulative evidence suggested that the oxytocin system plays a role in socio-emotional disorders, although its role in neuroinflammation-induced anxiety remains unclear.

Method: In the present study, anxiety-like behavior was induced in cohorts of animals through repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.5 mg/kg, daily, Escherichia coli O55:B5) i.

A long duration of intraoperative hypotension is associated with postoperative delirium occurrence following thoracic and orthopedic surgery in elderly.

Background: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common surgical complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality in elderly. Although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, perioperative risk factors were reported to be closely related to its development. This study was designed to investigate the association between the duration of intraoperative hypotension and POD incidence following thoracic and orthopedic surgery in elderly.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: Report of two cases and review of the literature.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, is a worldwide pandemic. Some COVID-19 patients develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and progress to respiratory failure. In such cases, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment is a necessary life-saving procedure.

CT imaging and pathological basis of linear shadow connecting pulmonary segmental artery to horizontal fissure.

To investigate the computed tomography (CT) imaging and pathological basis of the linear shadows connecting pulmonary segmental arteries to horizontal fissure (hereinafter referred to as "linear shadow") on thin-slice CT.Collect 127 clinical cases to analyze the display and morphology of linear shadows on the thin-slice CT and to measure their length, thickness, and angle. Collect 11 autopsy specimens of coal worker's pneumoconiosis to conduct an imaging and pathology basis control study for the linear shadows.

Exogenous GM1 Ganglioside Attenuates Ketamine-Induced Neurocognitive Impairment in the Developing Rat Brain.

Background: A prolonged exposure to ketamine triggers significant neurodegeneration and long-term neurocognitive deficits in the developing brain. Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1) can limit the neuronal damage from necrosis and apoptosis in neurodegenerative conditions. We aimed to assess whether GM1 can prevent ketamine-induced developmental neurotoxicity.

Linear shadows that connect oblique fissures and costal pleurae on the superior segments of lower lobes: evaluating the imaging findings on thin-slice lung CT.

Objective: To retrospectively analyse the imaging findings of the linear shadows that connect the oblique fissures and the costal pleurae on the superior segments of the lower lobes on thin-slice lung CT.

Materials And Methods: Thin-slice CT scans of 221 cases of normal lungs and 86 abnormal lungs were collected. The parameters of the imaging observations included the existence of the superior segmental linear shadow, its morphology, length, and starting position, bird-beak sign, and adjacent structures on the pleural end.

Short linear shadows connecting pulmonary segmental arteries to oblique fissures in volumetric thin-section CT images: comparing CT, micro-CT and histopathology.

Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate short linear shadows connecting pulmonary segmental arteries to oblique fissures in thin-section CT images and determine their anatomical basis.

Methods: CT scanning was performed on 108 patients and 11 lung specimens with no lung diseases around the oblique fissures or hila. Two radiologists evaluated the imaging.

Volumetric thin-section CT: evaluation of pulmonaryinterlobar fissures.

Purpose: We aimed to perform an imaging analysis of interlobar fissures and their variations using thin-section computed tomography (CT).

Methods: Volumetric thin-section CT scanning was performed in 208 subjects. Interlobar fissures were observed on axial images, and reconstructed coronal and sagittal images were observed by multiplanar reformatting (MPR).

Goal-directed Fluid Therapy May Improve Hemodynamic Stability of Parturient with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Under Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery and the Well-being of Newborns.

Background: Hypotension induced by combined spinal epidural anesthesia in parturient with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) can easily compromise blood supply to vital organs including uteroplacental perfusion and result in fetal distress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) with LiDCO rapid system can improve well-being of both HDP parturient and their babies.

Methods: Fifty-two stable HDP parturient scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were recruited.

AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma: imaging feature analysis of 27 cases and correlation with pathologic findings.

Background: Some tumor types are related to HIV, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The morbidity and mortality of NHL has remained high, even after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced. We collected cases of AIDS with NHL, and evaluated the imaging features and strategies for diagnosis.

Cardiovascular parameters to assess the severity of acute pulmonary embolism with computed tomography.

Background: Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) has been established as a first-line test in the acute pulmonary embolism (APE) diagnostic algorithm, but the assessment of the severity of APE by this method remains to be explored.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and severity in patients with APE without underlying cardiopulmonary disease using helical computed tomography (CT).

Material And Methods: Seventy-three patients (35 men and 38 women) were divided into two groups according to the clinical findings: severe APE (n=22) and non-severe APE (n=51).

Comparison of different diagnostic methods for differentiating biliary atresia from idiopathic neonatal hepatitis.

Aim: To retrospectively analyze different methods in differentiating biliary atresia from idiopathic neonatal hepatitis.

Methods: Sixty-nine infants with cholestatic jaundice and final diagnosis of idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH) and biliary atresia (BA) were studied retroprospectively from January 2004 to December 2006. A thorough history and physical examination were undertaken.

Value of multiplanar reconstruction in MSCT in demonstrating the relationship between solitary pulmonary nodule and bronchus.

In this report, we studied the value of the solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)-bronchus relationship in determining the nature of SPN by multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) in multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT). One hundred forty-eight SPN cases were enrolled. CT was performed in all cases using MSCT.

Computed tomography perfusion in evaluating the therapeutic effect of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: To prospectively assess the changes in parameters of computed tomography (CT) perfusion pre- and post-transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in different treatment response groups, and to correlate the changes with various responses of HCC to TACE.

Methods: Thirty-nine HCC patients underwent CT perfusion examinations pre-(1 d before TACE) and post-treatment (4 wk after TACE). The response evaluation criteria for solid tumors (RECIST) were referred to when treatment responses were distributed.

Magnetic resonance imaging of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis following eating freshwater snails.

Background: Angiostrongyliasis cantonensis is a worldwide-existing parasitic disease. However, the relevant reports on its radiological appearances are limited. In this study, we investigated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in a group of consecutive patients caused by human infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis after eating freshwater snails.

[HRCT and pathology for nodules in cadaveric lung with coal workers' pneumoconiosis].

Objective: To evaluate imaging of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for nodules of cadaveric lungs of coal workers' or coal workers with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and to determine types of small nodules of CWP and dust speckle based on CT-pathologic correlation.

Methods: Thirty-two entire lung specimens were available from autopsy of the patients with CWP and coal workers occupationally exposed to coal dusts. They comprised 25 workers without CWP, 3 patients with 0+ stage and 4 patients with I stage.

Neural network-based computer-aided diagnosis in distinguishing malignant from benign solitary pulmonary nodules by computed tomography.

Background: Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of lung cancer is the subject of many current researches. Statistical methods and artificial neural networks have been applied to more quantitatively characterize solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). In this study, we developed a CAD scheme based on an artificial neural network to distinguish malignant from benign SPNs on thin-section computed tomography (CT) images, and investigated how the CAD scheme can help radiologists with different levels of experience make diagnostic decisions.