Simultaneous Determination of 12 Disinfection By-Products in Fish Muscles by Solvent Extraction Coupled With Gas Chromatography Equipped With an Electron Capture Detector.

Disinfection by-products (DBPs) have received considerable focus due to potential teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects; however, there is an evident gap in the availability of analytical methodologies for the simultaneous determination of DBPs in fish, especially iodinated DBPs. This paper developed an innovative analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 12 DBPs, including four trihalomethanes (THMs), three haloacetonitriles, and five iodinated THMs (I-THMs), in fish muscle, utilizing solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The method incorporates tert-butyl methyl ether as an extraction solvent, performing efficient vortex mixing, extraction, and centrifugation under reduced temperature conditions to facilitate the processing of physically disrupted fish tissues.

Simultaneous determination of 31 endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish plasma by solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Solid phase extraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the simultaneous determination of 31 endocrine-disrupting chemicals in fish plasma. The strong anion exchange/primary-secondary amine cartridge and the mixed cation exchange cartridge were used in tandem instead of using a single mixed cation exchange cartridge for sample purification. Suitable eluents were selected for each of the two cartridges: 4.

MoS-assisted Fe/peroxymonosulfate oxidation for the abatement of phenacetin: efficiency, mechanisms and toxicity evaluation.

In this study, molybdenum disulfide (MoS) was chosen as a co-catalyst to enhance the removal efficiency of phenacetin (PNT) in water by a ferrous ion-activated peroxymonosulfate (Fe/PMS) process. Operating parameters, such as the initial solution pH and chemical dose on PNT degradation efficiency were investigated and optimized. Under an initial pH of 3, an Fe dose of 25 μM, a PMS dose of 125 μM and a MoS dose of 0.

[Distribution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of 209 Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Dongting Lake and the Inflow Rivers].

In order to fully understand the pollution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Dongting Lake, 209 PCB congeners were quantitatively detected and analyzed by isotope-dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry in 21 surface water sampling sites of Dongting Lake and the inflow rivers of the lake. The results showed that a total of 50 PCB congeners were detected in the study area. The (ΣPCBs) ranged from 0.

Persulfate activation by nano zero-valent iron for the degradation of metoprolol in water: influencing factors, degradation pathways and toxicity analysis.

In this study, nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) was utilized to activate persulfate (PS) for the degradation of metoprolol (MTP), a commonly used drug for curing cardiovascular diseases, in water. Quenching tests indicated that both the sulfate radical (SO˙) and hydroxyl radical (˙OH) contributed to the degradation of MTP, while SO˙ seemed to play a large role under natural pH conditions. Batch tests were conducted to investigate the effects of several influencing factors, such as PS concentration, initial MTP concentration, pH, temperature and common anions, on the degradation performance of MTP.

Correction to: Occurrence of 25 pharmaceuticals in Taihu Lake and their removal from two urban drinking water treatment plants and a constructed wetland.

The article Occurrence of 25 pharmaceuticals in Taihu Lake and their removal from two urban drinking water treatment plants and a constructed wetland, written by Xia-Lin Hu, Yi-Fan Bao, Jun-Jian Hu, You-Yu Liu and Da-Qiang Yin, was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet portal.

Ultrasound-assisted heterogeneous activation of persulfate by nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) for the propranolol degradation in water.

This study investigated the degradation of propranolol (PRO), a beta (β)-blockers, by nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) activated persulfate (PS) under ultrasonic irradiation. Effects of several critical factors were evaluated, inclusive of PS concentration, nZVI dosage, ultrasound power, initial pH, common anions, and chelating agent on PRO degradation kinetics. Higher PS concentration, nZVI dosage and ultrasound power as well as acidic pH favored the PRO degradation.

Oxidation of the β-blocker propranolol by UV/persulfate: Effect, mechanism and toxicity investigation.

In this study, the degradation of propranolol (PRO) by UV/persulfate process was systematically investigated. Direct photolysis of PRO was limited due to its low quantum yield, while the PRO degradation efficiency can be greatly promoted by the combination of persulfate and UV irradiation. Radical scavenging tests showed that both SO and OH contributed to the removal of PRO, with SO playing a more important role.

Simultaneous determination of 29 pharmaceuticals in fish muscle and plasma by ultrasonic extraction followed by SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS.

A confirmatory method for the simultaneous detection of 29 pharmaceuticals in fish muscle and plasma was developed by using solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Fish samples were extracted with methanol and enriched using Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction columns in one step. Twenty-nine target pharmaceuticals were quantified by the internal standard method and the calibration curves showed good linearity in a wide range with determination coefficients of greater than 0.

Occurrence of 25 pharmaceuticals in Taihu Lake and their removal from two urban drinking water treatment plants and a constructed wetland.

Pharmaceuticals in drinking water sources have raised significant concerns due to their persistent input and potential human health risks. The seasonal occurrence of 25 pharmaceuticals including 23 antibiotics, paracetamol (PAR), and carbamazepine (CMZ) in Taihu Lake was investigated; meanwhile, the distribution and removal of these pharmaceuticals in two drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and a constructed wetland were evaluated. A high detection frequency (>70%) in the Taihu Lake was observed for nearly all the 25 pharmaceutics.

Identification and determination of the contribution of iron-steel manufacturing industry to sediment-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a large shallow lake of eastern China.

Seventeen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were determined in surface sediments collected from the Chaohu Lake (a large shallow lake in eastern China) and its tributaries. Both diagnostic ratios and a receptor model (positive matrix factorization, PMF) were applied to identify and determine the contribution of a local iron-steel manufacturing plant located in the Nanfei River (NFR) to the Chaohu Lake basin. The results show that sites located in the downstream of the steel plant contained concentrations of 17 PAH (ΣPAH) approximately two orders of magnitudes higher than those from other sites.

Multigenerational Effects of Heavy Metals on Feeding, Growth, Initial Reproduction and Antioxidants in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Earlier studies showed that toxicities of excessive metals lasted over generations. Yet, these studies mainly employed one-generation exposure, and the effects of multigenerational challenges need further studies. Presently, Caenorhabditis elegans were exposed to cadmium, copper, lead and zinc for four consecutive generations (G1 to G4) at environmental concentrations.

Evaluating the effects of allelochemical ferulic acid on Microcystis aeruginosa by pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) fluorometry and flow cytometry.

We investigated the effects of allelochemical ferulic acid (FA) on a series of physiological and biochemical processes of blue-green algae Microcystis aeruginosa, in order to find sensitive diagnostic variables for allelopathic effects. Algal cell density was significantly suppressed by FA (0.31-5.

Degradation of florfenicol in water by UV/Na2S 2O 8 process.

UV irradiation-activated sodium persulfate (UV/PS) was studied to degrade florfenicol (FLO), a phenicol antibiotic commonly used in aquaculture, in water. Compared with UV/H2O2 process, UV/PS process achieves a higher FLO degradation efficiency, greater mineralization, and less cost. The quantum yield for direct photolysis of FLO and the second-order rate constant of FLO with sulfate radicals were determined.

The combinational effects between sulfonamides and metals on nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

As emerging pollutants, antibiotic sulfonamides are continuously emitted into the environment and encounter those already-existing contaminants, e.g., heavy metals, which may cause toxicity interactions in polluted habitats.

Simultaneous solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the highly sensitive determination of 15 endocrine disrupting chemicals in seafood.

This study aimed to develop a sensitive and reliable multi-residue method for the determination of trace amounts of endocrine disrupting chemicals including five phthalate esters (PAEs), five monoalky phthalate esters (MPEs), four alkylphenols (APs) and bisphenol A (BPA) in seafood. Ultrasonic liquid extraction was selected for extraction based on acetonitrile, instead of frequently-used n-hexane, due to its lower background of PAEs. Application of solid phase extraction (SPE) with primary secondary amine (PSA, 1g/6 mL) cartridge achieved the relatively low matrix effects for MPEs and BPA in seafood.

[Characteristics and selectivity of photocatalytic-degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride].

The photocatalytic-degradation behavior of tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC) was studied. The catalyst used was photosensitive semiconductor titanium dioxide (TiO2). The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation of TTC was well fitted to first order reaction kinetics model, and the adsorption was the control step of the whole photocatalytic-degradation process, indicating that the main degradation path was the photocatalytic reaction of TTC adsorbed on the surface of TiO2.

Locomotor activity changes on zebrafish larvae with different 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) embryonic exposure modes.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used flame retardants and are banned around the world as potent environmental contaminants. PBDE-47 is the most concerned PBDE with its environmental prevalence and various toxicity characteristics including neurotoxicity. In this paper, we studied larval zebrafish behavioral alterations caused by PBDE-47 neurotoxicity.

Synthesized magnetic nanoparticles coated zeolite for the adsorption of pharmaceutical compounds from aqueous solution using batch and column studies.

The contamination of fresh water with pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) has risen during the last few years. The adsorption of some PPCPs namely, Diclofenac-Na, Naproxen, Gemfibrozil and Ibuprofen from aqueous solution has been studied, magnetic nanoparticles coated zeolite (MNCZ) has been used as the adsorbent. Batch adsorption experiment was conducted to study the influences of different adsorption parameters such as contact time, solution pH and PPCPs concentrations in order to optimize the reaction conditions.

Inhibitions on the behavior and growth of the nematode progeny after prenatal exposure to sulfonamides at micromolar concentrations.

Sulfonamides are one typical antibiotic which is an emerging hazardous material to the ecological stability due to their continuously application and biological effects to non-target organisms. The parent-progeny transgenerational effects need investigations to indicate their long-term consequences. Currently, we tested the transgenerational effects of sulfadiazine (SD), sulfapyridine (SP) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) on L3 larva of Caenorhabditis elegans.

The distributions, removals and estrogenic effects of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in two drinking water factories in China.

The distributions and effects of 31 selected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in two drinking water factories were analyzed in this study. The distributions of EDCs were analyzed by solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The concentrations of these EDCs were from lower than the LOD (limit of detection) to 23.

Transgenerational effects of heavy metals on L3 larva of Caenorhabditis elegans with greater behavior and growth inhibitions in the progeny.

Heavy metals are ubiquitous environmental pollutants, and their toxic effects have been widely studied. However, their transgenerational effects between parent and progeny at environmental relevant concentrations need further investigations. Currently, L3 stage of Caenorhabditis elegans was exposed to aqueous metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) at environmentally realistic concentrations for 96 h.

Toxic and recovery effects of copper on Caenorhabditiselegans by various food-borne and water-borne pathways.

Copper pollutions are typical heavy metal contaminations, and their ability to move up food chains urges comprehensive studies on their effects through various pathways. Currently, four exposure pathways were prescribed as food-borne (FB), water-borne plus clean food (WCB), water-food-borne (WFB) and water-borne (WB). Caenorhabditiselegans was chosen as the model organism, and growth statuses, feeding abilities, the amounts of four antioxidant enzymes, and corresponding recovery effects under non-toxic conditions with food and without food were investigated.

MCX based solid phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of 31 endocrine-disrupting compounds in surface water of Shanghai.

A novel analytical method employing MCX (mixed-mode cationic exchange) based solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed to detect 31 endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in surface water samples simultaneously. The target EDCs belong to five classes, including seven estrogens, eight androgens, six progesterones, five adrenocortical hormones and five industrial compounds. In order to simultaneously concentrate the target EDCs and eliminate matrix interferences in the water samples, MCX SPE cartridges were employed for SPE, and then followed by a simple and highly efficient three-step sequential elution procedure.