LPS induces activation of the TLR4 pathway in fibroblasts and promotes skin scar formation through collagen I and TGF-β in skin lesions.

Hypertrophic scars are proliferative diseases of dermal fibroblasts that produce abundant amounts of collagen and extracellular matrix in the skin after severe burns, inflammation and trauma. Hypertrophic scars affect the daily life of patients and cause a series of problems. The biological mechanism of hypertrophic scar formation is still unclear and has received much attention in plastic surgery.

Analysis of age-related changes in midfacial fat compartments in Asian women using computed tomography.

Background: Volume restoration is no more a fresh theory for midfacial rejuvenation. However, lack of knowledge regarding the natural ageing process of fat compartments often leads to an insufficient or excessive clinical result. The aim of this study is to reveal the age-related changes in midfacial fat compartments and the correlation between midfacial grooves and the related fat compartments.

Natural History of Seroma Following the Immediate Latissimus Dorsi Flap Method of Breast Reconstruction.

Background: The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap procedure remains a popular and useful breast reconstruction tool in China and Western countries, and donor site seroma formation is the main complication. This study was conducted in Chinese patients to determine whether stable cases of seromas would resolve without treatment.

Methods: A.

Human papillomavirus and World Health Organization type III nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Multicenter study from an endemic area in Southern China.

Background: The current study was conducted to study the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in Southern China and the corresponding treatment outcome.

Methods: A retrospective chart review with a level of evidence of 4 was performed.

Results: Between 2000 and 2015, a total of 1328 patients with NPC were treated in 3 study institutes in Hong Kong and Foshan City in Guangdong Province, China.

Determinants of crease width in inherent double eyelid of Asian young women.

Background: The creation of a superior palpebral crease has been the most popular plastic surgery procedure in Asians for several decades. The most important criterion for judging the success of this procedure is the achievement of the desired size and shape of this crease or the perfect crease width. However, the determinants of crease width remain unclear, which may account for the high rate of unsatisfactory results.

Stromal cell-derived factor 1 promoted migration of adipose-derived stem cells to the wounded area in traumatic rats.

Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were effective in treating wound. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), a chemokine usually called CXCL12, is well known for its chemotaxis in induction of cell migration. However, little is known about the SDF-1responsible for the complex migration of ADSCs from residence to injured sites.

Effect of activated autologous platelet-rich plasma on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in vitro.

To investigate whether activated autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) in vitro. hASCs were isolated from lipo-aspirates, and characterized by specific cell markers and multilineage differentiation capacity after culturing to the 3(rd) passage. PRP was collected and activated from human peripheral blood of the same patient.

Effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on proliferation and neural phenotype differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in vitro.

Aims: To investigate whether ginsenoside Rg1 can promote neural phenotype differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) in vitro.

Methods: hASCs were isolated from lipo-aspirates, and characterized by specific cell markers and multilineage differentiation capacity after culturing to the 3rd passage. Cultured hASCs were treated with neural inductive media alone (group A, control) or inductive media plus 10, 50, or 100 μg/mL ginsenoside Rg1 (groups B, C, and D, respectively).

Use of lipolanthionine peptide, a toll-like receptor 2 inhibitor, enhances transdermal delivery efficiency.

The transdermal delivery system (TDS) is able to obtain a systemic therapeutic effect by administration through the skin, which has low side effects and is able to maintain a sustained blood concentration. However, due to the barrier presented by the stratum corneum, numerous drugs have poor percutaneous permeability. Therefore, the improvement of skin permeability is key to TDS.

Refinement of the correction of orbital hypertelorism.

The objective of this article was to explore the effect of paraorbital soft-tissue expansion before orbital osteotomies and medial translocation by combined intracranial-extracranial approach. Tissue expansion was implanted in the zygomatic and temporal region 3 weeks before traditional operation in 2 cases of severe orbital hypertelorism. The measurements of interorbital and intercanthal distance were studied preoperatively and postoperatively by three-dimensional computed tomography.

[Effect of botulinum toxin type A injection into the masseter muscle on mandibular development in rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) injection into the masseter muscle on mandibular development in rats.

Methods: 12 28-day-old Wistar rats were divided into two groups as Botox group (n= 6) and control group (n = 6) which received anesthesia only. In Botox group, Botox was injected into the right masseter muscle, while only sterile saline into the left muscle.

Pressure necrosis of septal cartilage associated with bilateral extended spreader grafts in rhinoplasty.

Objective: To investigate septal cartilage compressive changes as a result of bilateral extended spreader grafts (ESGs), which are commonly used in rhinoplasty. The buckling, rupturing, or necrosis of the recipient site leads to nasal tip structural deformity. These pathologic changes associated with bilateral ESGs warrant the clinician's attention and in-depth basic and clinical research.

[Analysis of the complications resulted from intraoral mandibular angle reduction].

Objective: To discuss the treatment and prevention of the complications resulted from intraoral mandibular angle reduction.

Methods: From July 2002 to August 2008, 672 cases underwent intraoral mandibular angle reduction. The 59 cases with postoperative complications were treated and followed up.

[Effect of intense pulsed light on transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA expression in rat skin].

Objective: To observe the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA (TGF-beta1 mRNA) expression in rat skin and explore the molecular mechanisms of photorejuvenation.

Methods: Fifteen SD rats were exposed to IPL in 3 dermal regions with triple pulses (duration of 4, 5, and 6 ms) at the energy density of 34 J/cm2 and pulse delay of 20 or 25 ms. On days 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, and 30 after the treatment, skin specimens from the treated and non-treated areas were obtained to detect TGF-beta1 mRNA expression with in situ hybridization.

[The anatomic study and clinical observation of the neurectomy of the nerve to the medial gastrocnemius muscle for calf reduction].

Objective: To introduce a method to reduce the volume of medial gastrocnemius for calf reduction.

Methods: Tibial nerve and nerve branches were dissected and explored at popliteal region for morphometry in 20 cadaver-legs. The length, width and the origination position of the nerve to the medial gastrocnemius were measured and recorded.

[Anatomic reduction of midfacial sag after intraoral reduction malarplasty].

Objective: To study the technical refinements of intraoral reduction malarplasty to prevent postoperative drooping of the cheek.

Methods: Twenty-four patients with prominent zygomatic complex underwent reduction malarplasty from January 2005 to January 2006. In all these cases, the osteotomized malar complex was repositioned superioposteriorly, and the perioral muscles and periosteum were redraped accordingly and fixed on deep temporal fascia.

[Establishment of rabbit orbital hypertelorism model and evaluation of effects of surgical correction].

Objective: To establish a rabbit model of orbital hypertelorism for plastic and reconstructive surgery and evaluate the surgical effects.

Methods: Orbital osteotomies and medial translocation was performed in 16 New Zealand rabbits (4 to 6 months old) by combined intracranial-extracranial approach. The interorbital distance (IOD) and bone healing between the orbits were evaluated with gross measurement.

[Genioplasty with morselized autologous bone graft].

Objective: To investigate a new method of genioplasty for treatment of a prominent mandibular angle with mandibular malformation.

Methods: According to the different types of the mandible, the prominent mandibular angle was grinded with the masseter muscle kept intact. Autologous micromorselized bone of the grinded mandibular angle was collected and implanted into the chin for augmentation mentoplasty, and the chin was fixed with gypsum after operation.

[Edge detection and modeling in frontal facial contour image for plastic surgery].

Objective: To find a new method for edge detection and modeling in frontal facial contour image.

Methods: Searching circle-based edge detection algorithm was developed on the basis of Sobel edge detector. Apriori knowledge of the facial contour and searching limitations as the minimum curvature radius, concave-convex property, and maximum edge disconnected distance were used to detect the edge of frontal facial contour.

[The changes of micrangium density of the reverse-flow random flap with a superficial venous trunk: an experimental study using stereological methods].

Objective: To study the effects of the superficial venous trunk (SVT) and its nourishing vessels on early revascularization of the reverse-flow random flap in order to provide theoretical evidences for clinical applications.

Methods: The morphologic changes of micrangium of the reverse-flow random flap with SVT and without SVT were observed at different phases and compared by optical microscopy and stereological methods.

Results: The micrangium density of the flaps with SVT and without SVT showed a tendency of increasing at 3 days after the operation.

[Effect of intense pulsed light on heat shock protein 70 expression in skin].

Objective: To observe the effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression in skin and elucidate the biological mechanisms of photorejuvenation.

Methods: The skin of 15 SD rats was exposed to IPL in 3 regions at the energy density of 34 J/cm(2) in triple pulses with the duration of 4, 5 and 6 ms, respectively, and pulse delays of 20 and 25 ms. On days 1, 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 after treatment, specimens of the treated and untreated skin were taken, respectively, for determination of HSP70 expression by immunohistochemistry.