[Identification and expression analysis of whole gene family of Isatis indigotica 4-coumarate: CoA ligase].

The 4-coumarate: CoA ligase(4CL) is a key enzyme in the upstream pathway of phenylpropanoids such as flavonoids, soluble phenolic esters, lignans, and lignins in plants. In this study, 13 4CL family members of Arabidopsis thaliana were used as reference sequences to identify the 4CL gene family candidate members of Isatis indigotica from the reported I. indigotica genome.

[Cloning and catalytic analysis of Isatis indigotica chalcone isomerase in vitro].

Chalcone isomerase is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of flavonoids in higher plants, which determines the production of flavonoids in plants. In this study, RNA was extracted from different parts of Isatis indigotica and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Specific primers with enzyme restriction sites were designed, and a chalcone isomerase gene was cloned from I.

Global view on virus infection in non-human primates and implications for public health and wildlife conservation.

Viruses can be transmitted from animals to humans (and vice versa) and across animal species. As such, host-virus interactions and transmission have attracted considerable attention. Non-human primates (NHPs), our closest evolutionary relatives, are susceptible to human viruses and certain pathogens are known to circulate between humans and NHPs.

Genome-wide screening of microsatellites in golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana), for the development of a standardized genetic marker system.

Golden snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana) is an endangered primate endemic to China. The lack of standardized genetic markers limits its conservation works. In the present study, a total of 1,400,552 perfect STRs was identified in the reference genome of R.

Proximate causes of dispersal for female Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys.

Individual dispersal trends, unquestionably important for species ecology and evolution, are affected by multiple factors. Understanding the factors that influence female dispersal strategies offers important insight into primate dispersal mechanisms and female choice. To investigate the proximate causes of dispersal in female Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (), we observed and analyzed nine years of detailed dispersal and demographic data from a population of in Xiangguqing, Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, China.

Chronic ethanol exposure facilitates facial-evoked MLI-PC synaptic transmission via nitric oxide signaling pathway in vivo in mice.

Ethanol (EtOH) exposure causes alterations of motor coordination, balance, behavior, speech, and certain cognitive functions are considered to be caused partly by impairment of cerebellar circuits function and modulation of synaptic transmission. The cerebellar cortical molecular layer interneuron-Purkinje cell (MLI-PC) synapses are critical for various information integration and transmission, which are sensitive to acute and chronic EtOH exposure. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on the facial stimulation-evoked MLI-PC synaptic transmission in urethane-anesthetized mice, by electrophysiological recording and pharmacological methods.

Chronic Ethanol Consumption Impairs the Tactile-Evoked Long-Term Depression at Cerebellar Molecular Layer Interneuron-Purkinje Cell Synapses in Mice.

The cerebellum is sensitive to ethanol (EtOH) consumption. Chronic EtOH consumption impairs motor learning by modulating the cerebellar circuitry synaptic transmission and long-term plasticity. Under conditions, acute EtOH inhibits both parallel fiber (PF) and climbing fiber (CF) long-term depression (LTD).

Preliminary report on Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana roxellana) at Laohegou Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China.

Comparative studies of subspecies under different ecological environments offer insights into intraspecies evolutionary adaptive mechanisms. Golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) include three subspecies in China classified mainly by their morphological variations: R. r.

Large-brained frogs mature later and live longer.

Brain sizes vary substantially across vertebrate taxa, yet, the evolution of brain size appears tightly linked to the evolution of life histories. For example, larger brained species generally live longer than smaller brained species. A larger brain requires more time to grow and develop at a cost of exceeded gestation period and delayed weaning age.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on plasma aldosterone levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Aldosterone was reported to be increased in patients with OSA and correlated with OSA severity. Many studies investigated the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on plasma aldosterone concentrations (PAC) in OSA patients.

[Correlation between autophagy and polarization of macrophages in atherosclerosis plaque in arteriosclerosis obliterans amputees].

This study was designed to investigate the correlation between autophagy and polarization of macrophages in atherosclerosis (AS) plaque in arteriosclerosis obliterans amputees. Femoral artery specimens from arteriosclerosis obliterans amputees were performed hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, oil red O and immunofluorescence staining to observe the morphology of atherosclerotic plaque, phenotype of macrophages and autophagy in plaque; using real-time quantitative RT-PCR technology to detect the mRNA level of M1 and M2 type markers in arterial tissue; to analyze polarized signal pathway and autophagy protein levels in macrophages by Western blotting. Arterial specimens staining showed obvious lipid deposition and obvious infiltration of amount of foam cells and inflammatory cells.

A new method for evaluating regional cerebral blood flow changes: Laser speckle contrast imaging in a C57BL/6J mouse model of photothrombotic ischemia.

The present study aimed to improve the processing of data acquired from laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to provide a standardization method to explore changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and to determine the correlations among rCBF, cerebral ischemic lesion volume and microvascular density over time in a focal ischemic region. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to focal photothrombotic (PT) ischemia. rCBF was measured using LSCI at different time points before and after PT ischemia through an intact skull.

[Effect of ASO Blood Stasis Syndrome Serum on Vascular Endothelial Cell Injury and Regulation of Taohong Siwu Decoction on it].

Objective: To explore the effect of arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) blood stasis syndrome (BSS) serum on vascular endothelial cell injury and to study the regulation of Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSD) on it.

Methods: Umbilical vein endothelial cell culture system was established. The serum endothelial cell injury model with ASO BSS was prepared.

Tomato WRKY transcriptional factor SlDRW1 is required for disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea and tolerance to oxidative stress.

WRKY proteins comprise a large family of transcription factors that play important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses; however, only a few of tomato WRKYs have been studied for their biological functions. In the present study, we identified a Botrytis cinerea-responsive WRKY gene SlDRW1 (Solanum lycopersicumdefense-related WRKY1) from tomato. SlDRW1 is a nucleus localized protein with transactivation activity in yeast.

[Taohong Siwu Decoction regulated functions of endothelial cells and treated arteriosclerosis obliterans: an experimental study].

Objective: To discuss the effect of Taohong Siwu Decoction (TSD) in regulating functions of endothelial cells and treating arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO).

Methods: The ASO model was prepared by using high-fat diet plus intimal injury. They were randomly divided into the model group (n = 10), the normal control group (n = 9), the low dose TSD group (group A, n = 12), the middle dose TSD group (group B, n = 10), and the high dose TSD group (group C, n = 9).

[Functions of NAC transcription factors in biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants].

NAC transcription factors belong to a unique class of transcription factors in plants. The common characteristics of the NAC proteins are the presence of a conserved NAC domain, comprising of about 150 amino acids in N-terminals and a highly variable transcriptional regulation region in C-terminals. Extensive studies have revealed that NAC transcription factors not only play important roles in plant growth and development, but also have functions in regulation of responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

Niche partitioning between sympatric rhesus macaques and Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys at Baimaxueshan Nature Reserve, China.

Here we provide a preliminary assessment of dietary and habitat requirements of two sympatric primate taxa, a "simple-stomached" and "complex-stomached" species (Rhinopithecus bieti Colobinae vs. Macaca mulatta Cercopithecinae), as a basis for illuminating how the two coexist. Of ca.

[Effect of gene transfer using nanoparticles as gene vector in different animal models].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of antisense monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (A-MCP-1) nanoparticles (NPs) as gene carrier on gene transfer in two kinds of animal models.

Methods: Poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) was used to make the NPs loaded with A-MCP-1 through a double-emulsion/solvent evaporation technique. NPs size was assessed by dynamic laser defractometer.

Testifying the rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa5 by genetic complementation and further analyzing xa5 (Xa5) in comparison with its homolog TFIIAgamma1.

The recessive gene xa5 for resistance to bacterial blight resistance of rice is located on chromosome 5, and evidence based on genetic recombination has been shown to encode a small subunit of the basal transcription factor IIA (Iyer and McCouch in MPMI 17(12):1348-1354, 2004). However, xa5 has not been demonstrated by a complementation test. In this study, we introduced the dominant allele Xa5 into a homozygous xa5-line, which was developed from a cross between IRBB5 (an indica variety with xa5) and Nipponbare (a japonica variety with Xa5).

[Effects of macrophage infiltration and related gene expression on the pathogenesis of early abdominal aortic aneurysm].

Objective: To detect the pathogenic mechanism of early abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).

Methods: Pig elastinase was perfused into the abdominal aortae of 40 Wistar rats to construct AAA animal models. The diameter of abdominal aorta was measured and then the abdominal aorta was harvested from 10 rats on the postoperative days 3, 7, 14, and 28 respectively.