DRD4 Mitigates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Association With PI3K/AKT Mediated Glucose Metabolism.

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) could cause heart irreversible damage, which is tightly combined with glucose metabolism disorder. It is demonstrated that GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) translocation is critical for glucose metabolism in the cardiomyocytes under I/R injury. Moreover, DRD4 (dopamine receptor D4) modulate glucose metabolism, and protect neurocytes from anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) injury.

Oxytocin in hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus is transferred to the caudate nucleus to influence pain modulation.

Oxytocin (OXT), which is synthesized and secreted in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON), is the most important bioactive substance in SON regulating pain process. Our previous study has pointed that OXT in the caudate nucleus (CdN) plays a role in pain modulation. The communication was designed to investigate the source of OXT in the rat CdN during pain process using the methods of push-pull perfusion and radioimmunoassay.

The role of arginine vasopressin in electroacupuncture treatment of primary sciatica in human.

It has been implicated that electroacupuncture can relieve the symptoms of sciatica with the increase of pain threshold in human, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the brain rather than the spinal cord and blood circulation participates in antinociception. Our previous study has proven that AVP in the brain played a role in the process of electroacupuncture analgesia in rat. The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of AVP in electroacupuncture in treating primary sciatica in human.

Effect of arginine vasopressin on the cortex edema in the ischemic stroke of Mongolian gerbils.

Brain edema formation is one of the most important mechanisms of ischemia-evoked cerebral edema. It has been demonstrated that arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of secondary brain damage after focal cerebral ischemia. In a well-characterized animal model of ischemic stroke of Mongolian gerbils, the present study was undertaken to clear the effect of AVP on cortex edema in cerebral ischemia.

The influence of psychological stress on arginine vasopressin concentration in the human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.

Psychological stress is strain affecting the intangible self, caused by problems in adaptation, perception, and emotions. Previous studies have demonstrated that arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays an important role in psychological stress. The goal of present study was to investigate the interaction between AVP release and cardiovascular functions by measuring AVP concentration and recording blood pressure or heart rate during psychological stress in human.

Death decoy receptor overexpression and increased malignancy risk in colorectal cancer.

Aim: To evaluate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and death decoy receptor (DcR3) as colorectal cancer prognostic indicators.

Methods: Colorectal carcinoma specimens from 300 patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to detect the staining patterns of HER2 and DcR3. Classification of HER2 staining was carried out using the United States Food and Drug Administration semi-quantitative scoring system, with scores of 0 or 1+ indicating a tumor-negative (normal expression) status and scores of 2+ and 3+ indicating a tumor-positive (overexpression) status.

Unusual early-stage pancreatic sarcomatoid carcinoma.

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the pancreas (SCP) is a very rare pathological type of carcinoma that usually has a poor prognosis. Its pathogenesis has not been elucidated. We herein report a case of an early-stage SCP involving successful treatment and a good prognosis.

The interaction between the oxytocin and pain modulation in headache patients.

Oxytocin (OXT), a nonapeptide hormone of posterior pituitary, reaches the central nervous system from systemic blood circulation with a difficulty because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The interest has been expressed in the use of the nasal route for delivery of OXT to the brain directly, exploiting the olfactory pathway. Our previous study has demonstrated that OXT in the central nervous system rather than the blood circulation plays an important role in rat pain modulation.

Effect of intranasal arginine vasopressin on human headache.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), a nonapeptide hormone of posterior pituitary, reaches the central nervous system from systemic blood circulation with a difficulty because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The interest has been expressed in the use of the nasal route for delivery of AVP to the brain directly, exploiting the olfactory pathway. Our previous study has demonstrated that AVP in the brain rather than the spinal cord and blood circulation plays an important role in rat pain modulation.

Effect of arginine vasopressin on the behavioral activity in the behavior despair depression rat model.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), a nonapeptide posterior hormone of the pituitary, is mainly synthesized and secreted in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON). Large numbers of studies have reported that AVP plays a role in depression. The present study was to investigate by which level, brain or periphery, AVP affects the behavioral activity in the behavior despair depression rat model.

Oxytocin in the rat caudate nucleus influences pain modulation.

Our previous studies have demonstrated that oxytocin (OXT) in the central nervous system plays a role in pain modulation. Many studies have found that caudate nucleus (CdN) enriches OXT and OXT receptors by the methods of historadioautograph and gene expression. The communication was designed to investigate OXT effect in the rat CdN on pain modulation.

Oxytocin in the periaqueductal grey regulates nociception in the rat.

Studies have demonstrated that oxytocin (OXT) plays important roles in pain modulation in the central nervous system, and there are OXT receptors in the periaqueductal grey (PAG). The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of OXT in the PAG on antinociception. The results showed that (1) intra-PAG injection of OXT increased the pain threshold, whereas the local administration of the high specific OXT receptor antagonist, desGly-NH(2), d(CH(2))(5)[D-Tyr(2), Thr-sup-4]OVT decreased the pain threshold in a dose-dependent manner; (2) Pain stimulation could elevate OXT concentration in the PAG perfusion liquid.

Oxytocin in the periaqueductal gray participates in pain modulation in the rat by influencing endogenous opiate peptides.

Periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a very important role in pain modulation through endogenous opiate peptides including leucine-enkephalin (L-Ek), methionine-enkephalin (M-Ek), β-endorphin (β-Ep) and dynorphin A(1-13) (DynA(1-13)). Our pervious study has demonstrated that intra-PAG injection of oxytocin (OXT) increases the pain threshold, and local administration of OXT receptor antagonist decreases the pain threshold, in which the antinociceptive role of OXT can be reversed by pre-PAG administration of OXT receptor antagonist. The experiment was designed to investigate the effect of OXT on endogenous opiate peptides in the rat PAG during the pain process.

Oxytocin, but not arginine vasopressin is involving in the antinociceptive role of hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus.

Our previous study has demonstrated that the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) plays a role in pain modulation. Oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) are the important hormones synthesized and secreted by the SON. The experiment was designed to investigate which hormone was relating with the antinociceptive role of the SON in the rat.

Arginine vasopressin in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus is transferred to the caudate nucleus to participate in pain modulation.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is synthesized and secreted in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), is the most important bioactive substance in the pain modulation. Our pervious study had shown that AVP plays an important role in pain modulation in caudate nucleus (CdN). The experiment was designed to investigate the source of AVP in CdN by the nucleus push-pull perfusion and radioimmunoassay.

Norepinephrine plays an important role in antinociceptive modulation of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat.

Our previous study has proven that hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a role in antinociception. The effects of studied classical neurotransmitter on PVN antinociceptive modulation were investigated in the rat. The results showed: (1) Pain stimulation increased norepinephrine (NE), but not epinephrine, dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DA metabolic product), homovanilic acid (DA metabolic product), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HT metabolic product), acetycholine (Ach), choline (Ach metabolic product), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and L-glutamate acid concentrations in the PVN perfusion liquid; (2) PVN stimulation with L-glutamate sodium, which excited local neurons only, did not influence the concentrations of the studied classical neurotransmitter and metabolic product in the PVN perfusion liquid; (3) Microinjection of NE, epinephrine, or L-glutamate sodium into the PVN elevated pain threshold, and local administration of GABA decreased pain threshold in a dose-dependent manner, but PVN administration of Ach, DA, or 5-HT did not change pain threshold; (4) Microinjection of phentolamine (alpha-receptor antagonist) or MK801 [NMDA-receptor antagonist] into the PVN reduced pain threshold, and local administration of bicuculline (GABA-receptor antagonist) raised pain threshold, but PVN administration of propranolol (beta-receptor antagonist), atropine (Muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist), 6-OH gallamine (Nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist), fluperidol (DA-receptor antagonist), or cyproheptadine (5-HT-receptor antagonist) did not alter pain threshold.

Arginine vasopressin induces rat caudate nucleus releasing acetylcholine to participate in pain modulation.

A lot of studies have pointed that acetylcholine (Ach), a classic neurotransmitter can regulate pain process in the caudate nucleus (CdN). Our previous report has proven that arginine vasopressin (AVP) effects on pain modulation in the CdN. The communication was designed to investigate the interaction between AVP and Ach in the rat CdN during the pain process.