Spontaneously Formed Ratio-Tunable Micro- and Nano-Capsule Coexist System for Precision and on-Demand Fungicide Delivery in Crop Leave.

Multiscale particle size functional pesticide carriers can provide more efficient protection for plants, but this protection is difficult to achieve via single-scale formulation technology. This study presents a novel one-step method for the preparation of lignin-based micro/nanocapsules with controllable proportions within a unified system. This strategy enables the adjustment of the proportion of nanocapsules to between 18.

Sustainable lignin-modified epoxy nanocarriers for enhanced foliar insecticide efficacy and food safety.

Reducing pesticide residues while extending their efficacy period is a critical challenge in the development of controlled-release pesticides. This study focuses on loading avermectin onto lignin-modified epoxy resin nanocarriers via the creation of photostable nanocapsules (NCs) for evaluating their efficacy against Plutella xylostella. This study also assesses the NCs' resistance to water scour on plant leaves by comparing them with traditional preparations.

Effects of abamectin nanocapsules on bees through host physiology, immune function, and gut microbiome.

Pesticide usage is a common practice to increase crop yields. Nevertheless, the existence of pesticide residues in the surrounding environment presents a significant hazard to pollinators, specifically the potential undisclosed dangers related to emerging nanopesticides. This study examines the impact of abamectin nanocapsules (AbaNCs), created through electrostatic self-assembly, as an insecticide on honey bees.

Interfacial Polymerization Depth Mediated by the Shuttle Effect Regulating the Application Performance of Pesticide-Loaded Microcapsules.

The highly water-soluble nematicide fosthiazate is anticipated to undergo microencapsulation in order to enhance its retention around plant roots and mitigate leaching into groundwater. However, the underlying mechanism governing the influence of hydrophilicity of the microcapsule (MC) core on the evolution of the microcapsule shell remains unclear, posing challenges for encapsulating water-soluble core materials. This study elucidates the microlevel formation mechanism of microcapsules by investigating the impact of interfacial mass transfer on shell formation and proposes a method for regulating the structure of shells.

One-Step Construct Responsive Lignin/Polysaccharide/Fe Nano Loading System Driven by Digestive Enzymes of Lepidopteran for Precise Delivery of Pesticides.

A strategy that relies on the differences in feeding behavior between pests and natural enemies to deliver insecticides precisely was proposed. After proving that the digestive enzymes in Lepidopteran pests can act as triggers for lignin-based controlled-release carriers, a novel multiple-enzyme-responsive lignin/polysaccharide/Fe nanocarrier was constructed by combining the electrostatic self-assembly and chelation and loaded with lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) to form a nanocapsule suspension loading system. The nanocapsules were LC@sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan/Fe (LC@SL/CS/Fe) and LC@sodium lignosulfonate/alkyl polyglycoside quaternary ammonium salt/Fe (LC@SL/APQAS/Fe).

Emamectin benzoate nanogel suspension constructed from poly(vinyl alcohol)-valine derivatives and lignosulfonate enhanced insecticidal efficacy.

To reduce the negative impact of nanopesticide carriers of on the environment, a greener nanodelivery system is necessary. Nanogels are nontoxic and degradable carriers, however, the potential of nanogels for delivering pesticides has not been proven. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol)-valine, an ecofriendly polymer, was synthesized and used to fabricate emamectin benzoate nanogel suspension (EB NS).

Using a reactive emulsifier to construct simple and convenient nanocapsules loaded with lambda-cyhalothrin to achieve efficient foliar delivery and insecticidal synergies.

Nanocapsules are a promising controlled release formulation for foliar pest control. However, the complicated process and high cost limit widespread use in agriculture, so a simpler and more convenient preparation system is urgently needed. Meanwhile, under complex field conditions, the advantageous mechanism of the nanosize effect and sustained release have no quantitative and detailed study.

Self-Assembled Degradable Nanogels Provide Foliar Affinity and Pinning for Pesticide Delivery by Flexibility and Adhesiveness Adjustment.

At present, it is highly important to develop a simple and compatible nano delivery system for pesticides for foliar application, which can improve their insecticidal efficacy and resistance to adverse climates while reducing the environmental risks. Polyethylene glycol and 4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate are used as hydrophilic soft and hydrophobic hard segments, respectively, for polymer self-assembly and polyurethane gelation in a nanoreactor. The nanocarrier synthesis and the pesticide loading are realized by a one-step integration procedure and suited well for hydrophobic active compounds.

Improving the efficacy against crop foliage disease by regulating fungicide adhesion on leaves with soft microcapsules.

Background: Increasing pesticide retention on crop leaves is a key approach for guaranteeing efficacy when products are applied to foliage. Evidently, the formulation plays an important role in this process. Microcapsules (MCs) are a promising formulation, but whether and how their adhesion to the leaf surface affects retention and efficacy is not well understood.

Achieving Win-Win Ecotoxicological Safety and Fungicidal Activity of Pyraclostrobin-Loaded Polyurea Microcapsules by Selecting Proper Polyamines.

The fungicide pyraclostrobin is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. Microencapsulation is an effective way to reduce the exposure of pyraclostrobin to aquatic organisms but it also reduces the contact probability between the fungicide and plant pathogens. Hence, winning a balance between the toxicity and bioactivity of pyraclostrobin is very necessary.

Wheat Root Protection From Cereal Cyst Nematode () by Fluopyram Seed Treatment.

Cereal cyst nematode (), an important plant-parasitic nematode causing yield losses of wheat, has been found in many provinces in China. It is urgent to develop an effective method of protecting wheat from damage. Because of its novel mode of action, fluopyram has been registered for controlling root-knot nematodes on cucumber and tomato in China.

Lignin-Modified Electronegative Epoxy Resin Nanocarriers Effectively Deliver Pesticides against Plant Root-Knot Nematodes ().

It is highly desirable to fabricate a pesticide delivery system with excellent permeability to reduce the damage caused by root-knot nematodes in the soil. In this work, a novel electronegative pesticide nanocarrier was established by bonding anionic lignosulfonate with epoxy resin nanocarriers, which were loaded with abamectin (Aba). The results demonstrated that nanoparticles were negatively charged (-38.

Assessment of ethylene glycol diacetate as an alternative carrier for use in agrochemical emulsifiable concentrate formulation.

The conventional emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation contains a large amount of aromatic solvents, which causes adverse effects to both the environment and human health due to the toxicity of the solvents. Here, we developed a 2.5% lambda-cyhalothrin EC formulation with ethylene glycol diacetate (EGDA) as the solvent, and the developed formulation serves as an environmental-friendly alternative to overcome the adverse effects of aromatic solvents.

Two-stage controlled release system possesses excellent initial and long-term efficacy.

In this work, a series of polyurea-based lambda-cyhalothrin-loaded microcapsules (MCs) with three different size distributions (average diameters of 1.35 μm, MC-S; 5.13 μm, MC-M; and 21.

Porous epoxy phenolic novolac resin polymer microcapsules: Tunable release and bioactivity controlled by epoxy value.

Microcapsules (MCs) prepared with diverse wall material structures may exhibit different properties. In this study, MCs were fabricated with three kinds of epoxy phenolic novolac resins (EPNs), which possessed unique epoxy values as wall-forming materials by interfacial polymerization. The effects of the EPN types on the surface morphology, particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, thermal stability as well as release behavior and bioactivity of the MCs were investigated.

Porous microcapsules with tunable pore sizes provide easily controllable release and bioactivity.

In this paper, porous microcapsules with tunable pore sizes were prepared using interfacial polymerization by employing a temperature-responsive cross-linking agent above its so-called cloud point temperature (T). The influences of porosity on the surface morphology, release profile and biological activity of the microcapsules were investigated. The results showed that both pore size and pore density could be controlled by regulating either the amount of cross-linking agent or the ratio of core material to shell material.

Causation Analysis and Improvement Strategy for Reduced Pendimethalin Herbicidal Activity in the Field after Encapsulation in Polyurea.

To reduce the amount of organic solvents in pendimethalin emulsifiable concentrate (EC), small-size microcapsules (S-MCs) and large-size microcapsules (L-MCs) were prepared with polyurea as a wall material. Petri-dish bioassays were carried out to investigate the bioactivity of formulations and the influence of both organic matter and moisture. The relationships between degradation and the biological activity of three pendimethalin formulations in the soil were investigated, and field experiments were executed to verify the laboratory results.

Modifying the Formulation of Abamectin To Promote Its Efficacy on Southern Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) under Blending-of-Soil and Root-Irrigation Conditions.

The southern root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is the most disastrous and prevalent nematode threat to the production of crops, especially vegetables. In the current study, second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were collected from five regions near Tai'an, China.

Integrating uniform design and response surface methodology to optimize thiacloprid suspension.

A model 25% suspension concentrate (SC) of thiacloprid was adopted to evaluate an integrative approach of uniform design and response surface methodology. Tersperse2700, PE1601, xanthan gum and veegum were the four experimental factors, and the aqueous separation ratio and viscosity were the two dependent variables. Linear and quadratic polynomial models of stepwise regression and partial least squares were adopted to test the fit of the experimental data.

Phoxim Microcapsules Prepared with Polyurea and Urea-Formaldehyde Resins Differ in Photostability and Insecticidal Activity.

The application of pesticide microcapsules (MCs) in agriculture is becoming more and more popular. In this study, the effects of different wall materials on the stomach toxicity, contact toxicity, length of efficacy, and photolysis characteristics of pesticide microcapsules were investigated. The results showed that microencapsulation reduced the stomach and contact toxicities of phoxim and prolonged the efficacy of this light-sensitive chemical in the greenhouse test.