Increases in Height among Chinese Children and Adolescents by Gender: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis.

Objective: To examine increases in average height among Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods: The data were obtained from the China Health and Nutrition Survey conducted during the period 1989-2015. A stratified multistage cluster sampling method was utilized to select participants aged 2-22 years in each province.

Three Zr(IV)-Substituted Polyoxotungstate Aggregates: Structural Transformation from Tungstoantimonate to Tungstophosphate Induced by pH.

Three novel Zr-substituted polyoxotungstate aggregates [HN(CH)]NaH[ZrSbO(-α-PWO)]·16HO (), [HN(CH)]H[ZrSb(OH)O(-α-PWO)(-α-PWO)]·33HO (), and [HN(CH)]NaH[ZrWSbPO(OH)(-α-SbWO)]·53HO () have been made in hydrothermal reactions of the [-α-SbWO] precursor with Zr cations and PO anions in the presence of dimethylamine hydrochloride and sodium acetate buffer (pH = 4.8) and structurally characterized. Different pH values induce structural transformation from tungstoantimonate (TA) to tungstophosphate (TP).

Nonanuclear Heterometal Five-Layer Sandwich-Type Polyoxometalate.

A new nonanuclear heterometal five-layer sandwich silicotungstate [HN(CH)]HNaK{[NaMnO(OAc)][SiWO]}·34HO () has been made under hydrothermal reactions of MnCl·4HO, KMnO, trivacant [-α-SiWO] {SiW} fragment, and [HN(CH)]·Cl in NaOAc-HOAc buffer (pH = 4.8). The polyoxoanion of is a sandwich architecture, in which the nonanuclear heterometal cluster [NaMnO(OAc)] made of two triangular pyramid clusters [MnO(OAc)] {Mn} via a hexacoordinate antitrigonal prism Na linkage is encapsulated by two trivacant fragments of {SiW}.

A new octa-Mn-substituted poly(polyoxotungstate).

A novel octa-Mn-substituted silicotungstate (ST) [HN(CH)]HNa{[K(HO)WO][SiMnWO]}[SiMnWO]·27HO (1) has been made by the hydrothermal reaction of the trivacant [A-α-SiWO] ({SiW}) building block with Mn and Mn cations in the presence of dimethylamine hydrochloride and systematically characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and single crystal X-ray diffraction. 1 is a tetrameric cluster formed by a hexa-Mn substituted cyclic trimeric {[K(HO)WO][SiMnWO]} unit and a {SiMnWO} fragment via two W-O-Mn linkers. Furthermore, its electrochemistry, thermal stability and magnetic properties have been studied.

The Public Health Burden of Rotavirus Disease in Children Younger Than Five Years and Considerations for Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in China.

Background: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea among young children worldwide. Rotavirus vaccines have demonstrated substantial benefits in many countries that have introduced vaccine nationally. In China, where rotavirus vaccines are not available through the national immunization program, it will be important to review relevant local and global information to determine the potential value of national introduction.

Identification and control of a poliomyelitis outbreak in Xinjiang, China.

Background: The last case of infection with wild-type poliovirus indigenous to China was reported in 1994, and China was certified as a poliomyelitis-free region in 2000. In 2011, an outbreak of infection with imported wild-type poliovirus occurred in the province of Xinjiang.

Methods: We conducted an investigation to guide the response to the outbreak, performed sequence analysis of the poliovirus type 1 capsid protein VP1 to determine the source, and carried out serologic and coverage surveys to assess the risk of viral propagation.

Effect of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on the immunogenicity of the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 vaccine: multi-level modeling of data with repeated measures.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the aluminum hydroxide (Al-OH) adjuvant on the 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (pH1N1) vaccine.

Methods: In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, participants received two doses of split-virion formulation containing 15 μg hemagglutinin antigen, with or without aluminum hydroxide (Al-OH). We classified the participants into six age categories (>61 years, 41-60 years, 19-40 years, 13-18 years, 8-12 years, and 3-7 years) and obtained four blood samples from each participant on days 0, 21, 35, and 42 following the first dose of immunization.

Safety of influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in postmarketing surveillance in China.

Background: On September 21, 2009, China began administering vaccines, obtained from 10 different manufacturers, against 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in priority populations. We aimed to assess the safety of this vaccination program.

Methods: We designed a plan for passive surveillance for adverse events after immunization with the influenza A (H1N1) vaccine.

[The investigation on economic burden with outpatient of varicella in Shandong, Gansu and Hunan provinces in 2007].

Objective: To analyse the economic burden of outpatient with varicella in China in 2007.

Methods: In three provinces, the sample were places are stratified by economic condition in district, county and township level. 811 outpatient cases were sampled and analysized.

[The investigation on the incidence of varicella in Shandong, Gansu and Hunan Provinces in 2007].

Objective: To analyse the incidence character of varicella in Shandong, Gansu and Hunan provinces in 2007.

Method: One township of rural area and one community of urban area were selected from Shandong, Gansu and Hunan each province for sampling. 34578 children were sampled and 1213 clinical diagnostic cases were confirmed.

[Study on the immunity of diphtheria in children at county level with different 4-vaccine coverage rates based on the results from "National Immunization Program Review" in 2004].

Objective: To investigate the immunity level of diphtheria antibody among children living in the areas where different coverage rates of 4-vaccines stratified by results of national immunization program (NIP) reviewed in 2004.

Methods: According to data from 4-vaccine coverage rates of NIP reviewed in 2004, 3 levels could be set. We randomly selected 2 counties at each level and then 10 villages from each county with 42 children involved who were born between 1992 and 2003.