Association between Risk Communication Format and Perceived Risk of Adverse Events after COVID-19 Vaccination among US Adults.

The format used to communicate probability-verbal versus numerical descriptors-can impact risk perceptions and behaviors. This issue is salient for the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), where concerns about vaccine-related risks may reduce uptake and verbal descriptors have been widely used by public health, news organizations and on social media, to convey risk. Because the effect of risk-communication format on perceived COVID-19 vaccine-related risks remains unknown, we conducted an online randomized survey among 939 US adults.

Fabrication of metal nanoparticles using hydroxylated ionic liquids.

Metal nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from the self-regulated reduction of hydroxylated ionic liquids in aqueous phase without additives. A new water-phase synthesis of gold and palladium nanoparticles using N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methylmorpholinium tetrafluoroborate is described. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to characterize the metal nanoparticles.