Exo- and Endo-1,5-α-L-Arabinanases and Prebiotic Arabino-Oligosaccharides Production.

There is growing interest in pentose-based prebiotic oligosaccharides as alternatives to traditional hexose-based prebiotics. Among these, arabino-oligosaccharides (AOS), derived from the enzymatic hydrolysis of arabinan polymers, have gained significant attention. AOS can selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, including and species, and contribute to health-benefit functions such as blood sugar control, positioning AOS as a promising synbiotic candidate.

Colistin Resistance Mechanism and Management Strategies of Colistin-Resistant Infections.

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant () is a pressing threat in clinical settings. Colistin is currently a widely used treatment for multidrug-resistant , serving as the last line of defense. However, reports of colistin-resistant strains of have emerged, underscoring the urgent need to develop alternative medications to combat these serious pathogens.

Assessing Health and Economic Benefits of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cardiovascular Disease in the Republic of Korea.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of mortality worldwide and imposes a significant social burden on many countries.

Methods: This study assessed the health and economic benefits of omega-3 associated with CVD. The meta-analysis estimated the risk ratio (RR) and absolute risk reduction (ARR), and the economic impact was calculated using direct and indirect costs related to CVD treatments in Korean adults.

Targeting IKKβ Activity to Limit Sterile Inflammation in Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.

The kinase activity of inhibitory κB kinase β (IKKβ) acts as a signal transducer in the activating pathway of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a master regulator of inflammation and cell death in the development of numerous hepatocellular injuries. However, the importance of IKKβ activity on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity remains to be defined. Here, a derivative of caffeic acid benzylamide (CABA) inhibited the kinase activity of IKKβ, as did IMD-0354 and sulfasalazine which show therapeutic efficacy against inflammatory diseases through a common mechanism: inhibiting IKKβ activity.

Treatment strategies for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: outcomes of multimodal treatment approaches.

Background: Multimodal treatment approaches are often considered for patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). Creating an algorithm that can guide healthcare providers in selecting treatment options for patients with LGS remains a challenge. Herein, we assessed the long-term seizure-free and neurodevelopmental outcomes of stepwise multimodal treatment in patients with LGS.

Association of Cerebral Blood Flow and Brain Tissue Relaxation Time With Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Neonates: Multidelay Arterial Spin Labeling and Synthetic MRI Study.

Objectives: Both cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain tissue relaxation times are known to reflect maturation in the neonatal brain. However, we do not yet know if these factors are associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes. The objective of this study was to acquire CBF and relaxation time in preterm neonates, using multidelay arterial spin labeling and synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and show their association with later neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Extrahippocampal Radiomics Analysis Can Potentially Identify Laterality in Patients With MRI-Negative Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

The objective of the study was to investigate whether radiomics features of extrahippocampal regions differ between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls, and whether any differences can identify patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-negative temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Data from 36 patients with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and 50 healthy controls were used to construct a radiomics model. A total of 1,618 radiomics features from the affected hippocampal and extrahippocampal regions were compared with features from healthy controls and the unaffected side of patients.

Long-term results of vagus nerve stimulation in children with Dravet syndrome: Time-dependent, delayed antiepileptic effect.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the long-term outcomes of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in children with pharmaco-resistant Dravet syndrome (DS).

Methods: We enrolled 22 patients with pharmaco-resistant DS who underwent VNS implantation at Severance Children's Hospital from March 2005 to October 2020. Efficacy and tolerability were assessed at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months after VNS implantation.

Utility of 7 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables high resolution imaging and potentially improves the detection of morphologic abnormalities in patients with epilepsy. However, its added value compared with conventional 1.5T and 3.

Brain MRI radiomics analysis may predict poor psychomotor outcome in preterm neonates.

Objectives: This study aimed to apply a radiomics approach to predict poor psychomotor development in preterm neonates using brain MRI.

Methods: Prospectively enrolled preterm neonates underwent brain MRI near or at term-equivalent age and neurodevelopment was assessed at a corrected age of 12 months. Two radiologists visually assessed the degree of white matter injury.

Camphene Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism in Rats.

Sarcopenia- or cachexia-related muscle atrophy is due to imbalanced energy metabolism and oxidative stress-induced muscle dysfunction. Monoterpenes play biological and pharmacological reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging roles. Hence, we explored the effects of camphene, a bicyclic monoterpene, on skeletal muscle atrophy in vitro and in vivo.

The First Reported Case of Infant Botulism in Korea: Treatable Infantile Neuromuscular Disease.

Botulism is a rare neuromuscular disorder caused by neurotoxins produced by . The diagnosis of infant botulism may be obscured or delayed, as its presentation is similar to that of infantile neuromuscular disorders. We report the first Korean case of infant botulism in an acute progressive floppy infant with poor sucking and a weak cry.

Maternal, neonatal, and child health systems under rapid urbanization: a qualitative study in a suburban district in Vietnam.

Background: Vietnam has been successful in increasing access to maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) services during last decades; however, little is known about whether the primary MNCH service utilization has been properly utilized under the recent rapid urbanization. We aimed to examine current MNCH service utilization patterns at a district level.

Methods: The study was conducted qualitatively in a rural district named Quốc Oai.

Understanding the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by animal studies using gene modulation: A comprehensive review.

Autoimmune diseases are clinical syndromes that result from pathogenic inflammatory responses driven by inadequate immune activation by T- and B-cells. Although the exact mechanisms of autoimmune diseases are still elusive, genetic factors also play an important role in the pathogenesis. Recently, with the advancement of understanding of the immunological and molecular basis of autoimmune diseases, gene modulation has become a potential approach for the tailored treatment of autoimmune disorders.

Stem Cell Factor-Inducible MITF-M Expression in Therapeutics for Acquired Skin Hyperpigmentation.

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor M (MITF-M) plays important roles in the pigment production, differentiation and survival of melanocytes. Stem cell factor (SCF) and its receptor KIT stimulate MITF-M activity via phosphorylation at the post-translation level. However, the phosphorylation shortens half-life of MITF-M protein over the course of minutes.

Short- and long-term seizure-free outcomes of dietary treatment in infants according to etiology.

Purpose: It is important to determine whether specific etiology is more effective to dietary treatment so that the diet can be started earlier for infants. We evaluated etiology-specific, seizure-free outcomes of dietary treatment in infants <1 year of age.

Methods: We conducted a 10-year, retrospective, longitudinal observational study of 115 infants treated with ketogenic diet (KD) or modified Atkins diet (MAD).

Nuclear Entry of CRTC1 as Druggable Target of Acquired Pigmentary Disorder.

SOX10 (SRY-related HMG-box 10) and MITF-M (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor M) restrict the expression of melanogenic genes, such as TYR (tyrosinase), in melanocytes. DACE (diacetylcaffeic acid cyclohexyl ester) inhibits melanin production in α-MSH (α-melanocyte stimulating hormone)-activated B16-F0 melanoma cells. In this study, we evaluated the antimelanogenic activity of DACE and elucidated the molecular basis of its action.

Radiation Dose Reduction without Compromise to Image Quality by Alterations of Filtration and Focal Spot Size in Cerebral Angiography.

Objective: Different angiographic protocols may influence the radiation dose and image quality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of filtration and focal spot size on radiation dose and image quality for diagnostic cerebral angiography using an model and patient groups.

Materials And Methods: Radiation dose and image quality were analyzed by varying the filtration and focal spot size on digital subtraction angiography exposure protocols (1, inherent filtration + large focus; 2, inherent + small; 3, copper + large; 4, copper + small).

Association of current phthalate exposure with neurobehavioral development in a national sample.

Background: Previous studies have indicated that phthalate exposure may influence the development of children, but the current data are limited, and controversy remains regarding the sex-specific and age-specific effects of phthalate exposure.

Methods: We investigated the sex- and age-specific associations of current phthalate exposure with neurobehavioral development scores in a nationally representative sample of 6-18-year-olds participating in the Korean Environmental Health Survey in Children and Adolescents (KorEHS-C). Neurobehavioral development was assessed using the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL, N=1723) and the Korean Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ARS, N=867).

The effects of ankle loads on balance ability during one-leg stance.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of ankle loads on balance ability and to suggest an appropriate load amount. [Subjects and Methods] The 31 healthy subjects randomly put 0%, 1%, and 2% body weight loads on their ankles using a strap, and limit of stability was measured using a Biorescue system. Limits of stability were measured for 10 seconds using their dominant leg in the left, right, forward, and backward directions.

Early Anatomical Injury Patterns Predict Epilepsy in Head Cooled Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Background: Our aim was to determine whether early anatomical injury patterns on magnetic resonance imaging-correlate with the development of postneonatal epilepsy in infants treated with selective head cooling for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed infants ≥35 weeks' gestation born between 2008 and 2013 and followed for at least one year at Northwestern University. All had brain magnetic resonance imaging scans at days 4-5 and electroencephalographs during rewarming and at 3 to 6 months of age.