Imaging the Male Breast: Gynecomastia, Male Breast Cancer, and Beyond.

The number of men undergoing breast imaging has increased in recent years, according to some reports. Most male breast concerns are related to benign causes, most commonly gynecomastia. The range of abnormalities typically encountered in the male breast is less broad than that encountered in women, given that lobule formation rarely occurs in men.

Before the Acheulean: The emergence of bifacial shaping at Kokiselei 6 (1.8 Ma), West Turkana, Kenya.

We present new evidence for the emergence of biface shaping from Kokiselei 6 in the Kokiselei Site Complex (KS) in West Turkana, Kenya. This rich and well-preserved new site presents an opportunity to investigate the earliest development of biface shaping. The emergence of biface shaping in lithic technology is often used as evidence for increased and/or novel cognitive abilities that contrast prior hominins' flaking capacities.

Axillary adenopathy following COVID-19 vaccination: A single institution case series.

Axillary adenopathy is a potential side effect following COVID-19 vaccination. We report four cases of axillary adenopathy in the setting of recent COVID-19 vaccination (Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech) at our institution. Our cases show unilateral axillary adenopathy, as well as adenopathy persisting for two to three weeks following vaccination.

Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene therapy in human central nervous system-based cells: an initial approach against a potential viral reservoir.

Studies have demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of central nervous system (CNS)-based cells in vivo results in a series of devastating clinical conditions collectively termed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex (ADC). Gene therapy for these neurovirological disorders necessitates utilization of a vector system that can mediate in vivo delivery and long-term expression of an antiretroviral transgene in nondividing/postmitotic CNS cellular elements. The present studies focus on the transfer of an anti-HIV-1 gene to primary isolated CNS microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) and neuronal-based cells, for its effects in protecting these cells from HIV-1 infection.

Rotational scarf (Z) osteotomy bunionectomy for correction of high intermetatarsal angles.

A modification of the scarf osteotomy bunionectomy is described. The modification involves a change in the movement of the osseous fragments from lateral transposition to lateral rotation of the metatarsal head fragment around a stationary axis at the metatarsal base. Rotation of the distal fragment in this manner allows greater than 50% transposition and, therefore, higher intermetatarsal angle corrections can be obtained as compared to a transpositional scarf osteotomy.

Distal extensor hallucis longus tenotomy.

This manuscript describes a clinical entity caused by hyperextension of the interphalangeal joint of the hallux and a corrective procedure performed percutaneously through a 3-mm. incision. A discussion of local anatomy, patient selection, and contraindications is included.

Buried Kirschner wire fixation of the Austin osteotomy-bunionectomy: a preliminary report.

Austin bunionectomies were fixated with buried 0.062-inch Kirschner wire. The wires were surgically removed in 7 to 10 weeks, when radiographic union was demonstrated.

Acyclovir for herpes simplex infections.

Herpes simplex infection can appear in a wide variety of clinical presentations. The primary herpes infection can be recognized as grouped vesicles on an erythematous base which may ulcerate. Laboratory confirmation can be made by a rapid Tzanck smear or culture.