For the busy clinical-imaging professional in an AI world: Gaining intuition about deep learning without math.

Medical diagnostics comprise recognizing patterns in images, tissue slides, and symptoms. Deep learning algorithms (DLs) are well suited to such tasks, but they are black boxes in various ways. To explain DL Computer-Aided Diagnostic (CAD) results and their accuracy to patients, to manage or drive the direction of future medical DLs, to make better decisions with CAD, etc.

How to "pick up" colorectal serrated lesions and polyps in daily histopathology practice: From terminologies to diagnostic pitfalls.

Over the last decade, our knowledge of colorectal serrated polyps and lesions has significantly improved due to numerous studies on this group of precursor lesions. Serrated lesions were misleading as benign before 2010, but they are currently reclassified as precancerous lesions that contribute to 30% of colorectal cancer through the serrated neoplasia pathway. The World Health Organization updated the classification for serrated lesions and polyps of the colon and rectum in 2019, which is more concise and applicable in daily practice.

Pseudothrombosis due to blood-contrast level in the infrarenal vena cava.

Filling defects within the inferior vena cava (IVC) are common findings on computed tomography (CT); nevertheless, a majority of these defects are attributed to artifacts. The documentation pertaining to pseudothrombosis specifically affecting the infrarenal vena cava is notably insufficient in current literature. The aim of this study is to present a case demonstrating a blood-contrast level in the infrarenal vena cava, resembling an intraluminal filling defect.

Endoscopic characteristics and performance of WASP classification in the diagnosis of colorectal sessile-serrated lesions in Vietnamese patients.

Background/aims: Sessile-serrated lesions (SSLs) are challenging to detect due to their typically subtle appearance. The Workgroup serrAted polypS and Polyposis (WASP) classification was developed to diagnose SSLs endoscopically. This study aimed to evaluate the endoscopic characteristics of SSLs and the performance of the WASP classification in the Vietnamese population.

Molecular Signatures for Microbe-Associated Colorectal Cancers.

Background: Genetic factors and microbial imbalances play crucial roles in colorectal cancers (CRCs), yet the impact of infections on cancer initiation remains poorly understood. While bioinformatic approaches offer valuable insights, the rising incidence of CRCs creates a pressing need to precisely identify early CRC events. We constructed a network model to identify continuum states during CRC initiation spanning normal colonic tissue to pre-cancer lesions (adenomatous polyps) and examined the influence of microbes and host genetics.

Detailed Image Data Quality and Cleaning Practices for Artificial Intelligence Tools for Breast Cancer.

Standardizing image-data preparation practices to improve accuracy/consistency of AI diagnostic tools.

Characterizing in Southern Vietnam between 2012 and 2021: A predominance of the chloramphenicol-resistant ST-1576 lineage.

Objectives: Our goal was to describe Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) in Southern Vietnam over the last 10 years. We characterized 109 strains in Southern Vietnam isolated between 1980s to 2021, that were collected from IMD (n = 44), sexually transmitted infections (n = 2), and healthy carriage (n = 63).

Methods: IMD were confirmed by bacterial culture and/or real-time polymerase chain reaction at the national reference laboratory in Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City (PIHCM).

Annona glabra L. Seeds: An Agricultural Waste Biosorbent for the Eco-Friendly Removal of Methylene Blue.

The seeds of Annona glabra L., an invasive plant in Vietnam, were first employed as a new biosorbent for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous media. The characterizations of the material using FT-IR, SEM, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, and point of zero charge reveals that it possesses a rough and irregular surface, various polar functional groups, and pH of 5.

Superiority of left heart deformation in early anthracycline-related cardiac dysfunction detection.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the incidence of early cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) and the characteristics of left and right heart deformations during anthracycline chemotherapy.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled a cohort of 351 chemotherapy-naïve women with breast cancer and cardiovascular risk factors who were scheduled to receive anthracycline. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS) and right ventricular and left atrial longitudinal strains were evaluated using echocardiography at baseline, before every subsequent cycles and at 3 weeks after the final anthracycline dose.

Outbreak of Sexually Transmitted Nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis-Associated Urethritis, Vietnam.

We report on an outbreak of nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis-associated urethritis, primarily among men who have sex with men in southern Vietnam. Nearly 50% of N. meningitidis isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin.

Modeling gamma knife radiosurgical toxicity for multiple brain metastases.

Background And Purpose: Radiation oncology protocols for single fraction radiosurgery recommend setting dosing criteria based on assumed risk of radionecrosis, which can be predicted by the 12 Gy normal brain volume (V12). In this study, we show that tumor surface area (SA) and a simple power-law model using only preplan variables can estimate and minimize radiosurgical toxicity.

Materials And Methods: A 245-patient cohort with 1217 brain metastases treated with single or distributed Gamma Knife sessions was reviewed retrospectively.

Effects of a comprehensive brain computed tomography deep learning model on radiologist detection accuracy.

Objectives: Non-contrast computed tomography of the brain (NCCTB) is commonly used to detect intracranial pathology but is subject to interpretation errors. Machine learning can augment clinical decision-making and improve NCCTB scan interpretation. This retrospective detection accuracy study assessed the performance of radiologists assisted by a deep learning model and compared the standalone performance of the model with that of unassisted radiologists.

Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of anal fistulas with scrotal extension: a retrospective study.

Introduction: This study aimed to elucidate the magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics of anal fistulas extending to the scrotum, and the applicable rules, and to correlate MR features with surgical findings.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in 150 consecutive patients with anal fistulas extending into the scrotum, who were diagnosed and underwent surgery at University Medical Center Ho Chi Minh City between January 2017 and April 2022. MR findings were evaluated and compared with surgical findings using Cohens kappa coefficient (k) with a 95% confidence interval.

Pial arteriovenous fistula associated with vein of Galen dilatation in adult: A case report and MRI findings.

Pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is a rare intracranial vascular lesion where direct communication exists between one or more pial arteries and a cerebral vein, without an intervening nidus and located in the subpial meningeal space. When the drainage of PAVF involves a dilated, but already formed vein of Galen (VOG), it should be distinguished from other vascular lesions located in this area, because their angio-architecture, natural history and treatment options are different. A 33-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with a history of new-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

A Comparison of a Conventional Chemical Coagulant and a Natural Coagulant Derived from Cassia fistula Seeds for the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions.

Cassia fistula seed-derived coagulant has been reported to exhibit high coagulating-flocculating activity, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness for the wastewater treatment, especially of textile wastewater. For heavy metal removal, however, research focusing on evaluating the feasibility of this material is still limited. Therefore, this study reports jar-test experiments in which the Zn and Ni removal efficiency of C.

Adopting the Swenson-like technique for patients with Hirschsprung disease in Vietnam.

Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of adopting the Swenson-like technique in transanal pull-through for Hirschsprung disease (HD) at a children's institution in Southeast Asia.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed over 42 months at a safety-net pediatric hospital in Vietnam.

Results: From January 2019 to June 2022, the Swenson-like technique was implemented and performed on 139 patients (115 male, 24 female, mean age 6.

Late Onset of Organizing Pneumonia Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Case Report of Successful Management and Review Literature.

A late consequence of COVID-19, organizing pneumonia is characterized by significant imaging and pathological abnormalities. The goals of this study are to better understand these abnormalities. The use of corticoid continues to be the recommended course of treatment for COVID-19.