Publications by authors named "DR Williams"

Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) enables high-resolution retinal imaging, eye tracking, and stimulus delivery in the living eye. AOSLO-mediated visual stimuli are created by temporally modulating the excitation light as it scans across the retina. As a result, each location within the field of view receives a brief flash of light during each scanner cycle (every 33-40 ms).

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Background: Religiousness has been consistently linked to positive health outcomes and flourishing, yet the underlying mechanisms are complex and not well-understood. The forgiveness and relational spirituality model offers a framework to explore the moderated mediation among religious commitment, health, and forgiveness by God. Understanding these relationships among university students and community residents in Trinidad and Tobago can provide valuable insights into the role of religiousness in promoting wellbeing.

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  • * The study introduces enhanced modeling techniques for neutrino flux and detector response, and it distinguishes between starting (inside) and throughgoing (outside) neutrino interaction events to improve energy resolution.
  • * The findings indicate a best-fit point for the 3+1 model with sin²(2θ_{24})=0.16 and Δm_{41}²=3.5 eV², supporting previous studies while showing consistency with no evidence of sterile neutrinos, as reflected
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Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are pivotal in regulating cellular functions and life processes, making them promising therapeutic targets in modern medicine. Despite their potential, developing PPI inhibitors poses significant challenges due to their large and shallow interfaces that complicate ligand binding. This study focuses on mimicking peptide loops as a strategy for PPI inhibition, utilizing synthetic peptide loops for replicating critical binding regions.

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This review explores the potential of peptide-based biomaterials to enhance biomedical applications through self-assembly, biological responsiveness, and selective targeting. Peptides are presented as versatile agents for antimicrobial activity and drug delivery, with recent approaches incorporating antimicrobial peptides into self-assembling systems to improve effectiveness and reduce resistance. The review also covers peptide-based nanocarriers for cancer drug delivery, highlighting their improved stability, targeted delivery, and reduced side effects.

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Diet and nutrition have an important impact on chronic disease and mortality and have spurred growth in the food is medicine approach. Yet, in the United States (US), post-graduate nutrition education and training for physicians remain limited. This may change as American policies focused on nutrition security, quality care and health equity advance and create new incentives for practicing clinicians to engage in nutrition-focused education and training.

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Background: Discrimination may contribute to sleep health disparities among women, yet limited research has investigated the association between discrimination and insomnia with short sleep.

Methods And Results: Among a racially and ethnically diverse sample of women (N=25 920; mean age, 72.2±6.

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Objectives: We investigated the associations of lifetime and everyday discrimination with cognitive function.

Methods: Data were from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (n=2952, mean age=43 years [SD=17]). We fitted multivariable linear regression models to quantify the discrimination-cognition associations.

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A peptide-based hydrogel sequence was computationally predicted from the Ala-rich cross-linked domains of elastin. Three candidate peptides were subsequently synthesised and characterised as potential drug delivery vehicles. The elastin-derived peptides are Fmoc-FFAAAAKAA-NH, Fmoc-FFAAAKAA-NH, and Fmoc-FFAAAKAAA-NH.

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Background: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasingly common in the United States and worldwide. Because both conditions are associated with serious health consequences, weight reduction is recommended by professional medical and nutrition societies to improve outcomes. Due to the striking efficacy of glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and dual mechanism glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GIP/GLP-1RAs) for weight reduction and glycemic control, there is increased utilization for patients with obesity and/or T2DM.

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Mental health interventions can help mitigate the unique challenges that individuals in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) face as they navigate these disciplines. We developed the "Mental Health and Wellness: Our Community and our Identity in STEM" workshop, which emphasizes leveraging our STEM community and promoting self-compassion, to foster a conversation among members of the STEM community on how to support mental health and wellness. This interactive workshop begins with a short lecture to define mental health and wellness and introduce evidence-based methods to increase self-compassion.

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Recent studies have suggested that high levels of social support can encourage better health behaviours and result in improved cardiovascular health. In this study we evaluated the association between social support and ideal cardiovascular health among urban Jamaicans. We conducted a cross-sectional study among urban residents in Jamaica's south-east health region.

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Purpose: Psychological distress significantly contributes to the burdens of morbidity and mortality in the United States (U.S.), but our understanding is limited with regards to the risk factors associated with psychological distress.

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Objective: Optimism and purpose in life are associated with improved health outcomes. More information is needed on biological mechanisms, including immunosenescence. We investigated if psychological well-being is associated with healthier immunosenescence-related measures including naïve and terminally differentiated CD4 and CD8 T cell percentages, CD4:CD8, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG response.

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Methodology is described for the synthesis of C derivatives of raloxifene, a prescribed drug for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. Studies have explored the incorporation of electron-withdrawing substituents at C of the benzothiophene core. Efficient processes are also examined to introduce hydrogen bond donor and acceptor functionality.

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Article Synopsis
  • Discrimination in medical settings (DMS) significantly contributes to healthcare disparities in the U.S., with a national study revealing that about 36.89% of surveyed adults experienced DMS in various situations.
  • The study analyzed data from nearly 42,000 adults, identifying that individuals with certain characteristics—like being female, non-Hispanic Black, or having multiple chronic conditions—reported higher rates of DMS.
  • By recognizing DMS patterns, the research highlights the need for targeted policies to improve patient care and reduce healthcare inequalities.
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  • - The study presents a measurement of astrophysical tau neutrinos using 9.7 years of data from the IceCube observatory, identifying seven candidate events with energies between 20 TeV and 1 PeV.
  • - Convolutional neural networks were used to analyze simulated event images, helping to estimate the parent tau neutrino energy to be around 200 TeV while facing a background of about 0.5 events primarily from non-tau astrophysical neutrinos.
  • - The results confirmed the presence of astrophysical tau neutrinos at a 5σ significance level, aligning with existing IceCube measurements and theoretical predictions regarding neutrino flux and oscillations.
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Most emissions scenarios suggest temperature and precipitation regimes will change dramatically across the globe over the next 500 years. These changes will have large impacts on the biosphere, with species forced to migrate to follow their preferred environmental conditions, therefore moving and fragmenting ecosystems. However, most projections of the impacts of climate change only reach 2100, limiting our understanding of the temporal scope of climate impacts, and potentially impeding suitable adaptive action.

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Literature on the association between ageism and falling among older adults is limited. Using data from the nationwide cross-sectional SABE () Colombia Survey in 2015 with 18,875 participants aged ≥60 years living in the communities, the study aims to evaluate the association between perceived ageism within the family, neighborhood, health services, and public services, and recurrent falling. Participants had a mean age of 69.

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A long-standing question in vision science is how the three cone photoreceptor types-long (L), medium (M), and short (S) wavelength sensitive-combine to generate our perception of color. Hue perception can be described along two opponent axes: red-green and blue-yellow. Psychophysical measurements of color appearance indicate that the cone inputs to the red-green and blue-yellow opponent axes are M vs.

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