Volumetric, Microfluidic Plasmonic RT-PCR.

Decentralized molecular detection of pathogens remains an important goal for public health. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the gold-standard molecular detection method, thermocycling using Peltier heaters presents challenges in decentralized settings. Recent work has demonstrated plasmonic PCR, where nanomaterials on a surface or nanoparticles in solution heat upon stimulation by light, as a promising method for rapid thermocycling.

Perceived Stress and Early Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in Women with Recent GDM: Implications for Postpartum Lifestyle Programs.

Objectives: To inform the development and adaptation of lifestyle programs to prevent type 2 diabetes, we sought to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms in the early postpartum period among women with recent gestational diabetes (GDM).

Methods: Participants are from the Balance after Baby Intervention (BABI) study, a two-year randomized clinical trial of a lifestyle program for women with recent GDM conducted in Boston, MA, and Denver, CO between 2016 and 2019. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) were administered at an average of 8-weeks postpartum.

Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratios (ICERs) and Revised Metformin Cost-Effectiveness Conclusions in the Diabetes Prevention Program/ Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study.

Based on previously published US Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs), metformin continues to be promoted as "cost-effective." We reviewed a 10-year CEA to assess this. Treatment alternatives included placebo, branded metformin and individual lifestyle modification.

Evaluating the performance of herd-specific long short-term memory models to identify automated health alerts associated with a ketosis diagnosis in early-lactation cows.

The growing use of automated systems in the dairy industry generates a vast amount of cow-level data daily, creating opportunities for using these data to support real-time decision-making. Currently, various commercial systems offer built-in alert algorithms to identify cows requiring attention. To our knowledge, no work has been done to compare the use of models accounting for herd-level variability on their predictive ability against automated systems.

Metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program 3-year trial: The cost-effectiveness that never was.

Aim: To highlight oversimplified quality-adjusted life year (QALY) calculations and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) regarding lifestyle metformin and placebo as flaws in the trial-based (Diabetes Prevention Program) cost-effectiveness analysis.

Materials And Methods: We revised the QALY calculations to conform to convention and calculated appropriate ICERs using both original and revised QALYs results. We used several additional health economics tools to present results, showing the consistency of each method and the added value of each.

Awareness and Application of United States Food Allergy Prevention Guidelines Among Pediatricians and Other Clinicians.

Objective: To characterize the awareness of, adherence to, and barriers to the 2017 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) peanut allergy prevention guidelines among the pediatrics health care workforce.

Study Design: Pediatricians, family physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), and dermatologists who provide care for infants were solicited for a population-based online survey, administered from June 6, 2022, through July 3, 2022. The survey collected information about NIAID guideline awareness, implementation, and barriers as well as concerns related to the guidelines.

Defining Nurse Practitioner Core Entrustable Professional Activities: Essential Step Toward Competency-Based Education.

Background: Gaps between educational preparation and clinical practice readiness have led to innovative approaches to competence assessment. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) show promise as a competence assessment framework in graduate nursing education.

Purpose: This study sought to develop and validate a set of EPAs that reflect the core activities performed by all nurse practitioners (NPs).

Precision and Test-Retest Repeatability of Stiffness Measurement with MR Elastography: A Multicenter Phantom Study.

Background MR elastography (MRE) has been shown to have excellent performance for noninvasive liver fibrosis staging. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the precision and test-retest repeatability of stiffness measurement with MRE in the multicenter setting. Purpose To determine the precision and test-retest repeatability of stiffness measurement with MRE across multiple centers using the same phantoms.

Microbiome-derived acidity protects against microbial invasion in Drosophila.

Microbial invasions underlie host-microbe interactions resulting in pathogenesis and probiotic colonization. In this study, we explore the effects of the microbiome on microbial invasion in Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that gut microbes Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Acetobacter tropicalis improve survival and lead to a reduction in microbial burden during infection.

Short-acting opioid prescriptions and Workers' Compensation using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey.

Background: Short-acting opioids have been utilized for pain management with little known about their use in patients on Workers' Compensation (WC) insurance. Our goal was to investigate this association in the ambulatory care setting.

Methods: Using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, visits from patients aged 18-64 during the years 2010 until 2018 were evaluated (excluding 2017 due to data availability).

Developing a NAPNAP Research Agenda to Guide Future Research and Quality Improvement in Pediatrics: Process, Challenges, and Future Directions.

Introduction: This study aimed to develop a revised pediatric Research Agenda that highlights the clinical and research priorities for pediatric-focused advanced practice registered nurses and is culturally sensitive and inclusive.

Method: The National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) Research Committee developed the Research Agenda 2021-2026 by conducting a cross-sectional study that surveyed the membership on their research and clinical priorities in June 2020. Twenty-four priorities were identified within seven areas of focus.

Machine learning methods for genomic prediction of cow behavioral traits measured by automatic milking systems in North American Holstein cattle.

Identifying genome-enabled methods that provide more accurate genomic prediction is crucial when evaluating complex traits such as dairy cow behavior. In this study, we aimed to compare the predictive performance of traditional genomic prediction methods and deep learning algorithms for genomic prediction of milking refusals (MREF) and milking failures (MFAIL) in North American Holstein cows measured by automatic milking systems (milking robots). A total of 1,993,509 daily records from 4,511 genotyped Holstein cows were collected by 36 milking robot stations.

Cluster Analysis of World Trade Center Related Lower Airway Diseases.

Introduction: Cluster analysis can classify without a priori assumptions the heterogeneous chronic lower airway diseases found in former workers at the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster site. Methods: We selected the first available chest computed tomography scan with quantitative computed tomography measurements on 311 former WTC workers with complete clinical, and spirometric data from their closest surveillance visit. We performed a nonhierarchical iterative algorithm K-prototype cluster analysis, using gap measure.

Postoperative CT surveillance in the evaluation of local recurrence after sub-lobar resection of neoplastic lesions of the lung.

Objective: As indications for sub-lobar resections increase, it will become more important to identify risk factors for postsurgical recurrence. We investigated retrospectively the association between local recurrence after sub-lobar resection of neoplastic lung lesions and pre- and post-operative CT imaging and pathologic features.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed retrospectively neoplastic lung lesions with postoperative chest CT surveillance of sub-lobar resections in 2006-2016.

The cost-effectiveness of metformin in the US diabetes prevention program trial: Simple interpretations need not apply.

Based on previously published US Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) metformin continues to be promoted as "cost-effective." We review the DPP within-trial CEA to assess this claim. Treatment alternatives included placebo (plus standard lifestyle advice), branded metformin and individual lifestyle modification.

Snack Talk: Effects of a Naturalistic Visual Communication Support on Increasing Conversation Engagement for Adults with Disabilities.

Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities frequently experience poor life outcomes, with individuals reporting lower levels of social support, relationships, gainful employment, and satisfaction in their quality of life. To ameliorate these outcomes, social skills and social communication interventions aligned with the needs of adults are warranted. This study examined the efficacy of Snack Talk, a supplemental naturalistic visual communication support, with five adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities.

The diagnostic accuracy of perfusion-only scan in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in the era of COVID-19: A single-center study of 434 patients.

Introduction: There is a paucity of data in the literature regarding the diagnostic accuracy of perfusion (Q)-only studies in the absence of ventilation images. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Q-only imaging in the pandemic era.

Methods: Patients who underwent Q-only imaging for pulmonary embolism between March 2020 and February 2021 were analyzed.

Inflammatory marker levels in children with tobacco smoke exposure.

Background: Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) has inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects which may be associated with altered levels of inflammatory markers and pediatric illnesses.

Objective: The primary objective was to examine the associations of cotinine-confirmed and parent-reported child TSE patterns and discharge diagnoses with C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-8, and IL-10 in 0-11-year-old pediatric emergency department (PED) patients who lived with ≥ 1 smoker.

Methods: Saliva samples were obtained from 115 children with a mean (SD) age of 3.