Intermittent standing does not acutely improve postprandial metabolism in university students.

Height-adjustable workstations offer a practical strategy to reduce sedentary behaviour in student populations, but the effect of standing intervals on young adults' metabolic health remains uncertain. This study investigated the acute impact of breaking up sitting time with intermittent standing on postprandial metabolic responses in university students. Using a randomised, cross-over design, 23 participants (13 females, 10 males; age, 24 ± 5 years; BMI, 23.

β-alanine supplementation in adults with overweight and obesity: a randomized controlled feasibility trial.

Objective: Overweight and obesity are characterized by excess adiposity and systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation, which is associated with several metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and tolerability of β-alanine supplementation and to explore the effects on cardiometabolic health and cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal function in adults with overweight and obesity.

Methods: A total of 27 adults (44% female; mean [SD], age: 58 [10] years, BMI: 31.

The Regulatory Role of Pancreatic Enzymes in the Maintenance of Small Intestinal Structure and Enterocyte Turnover with Special Reference to Alpha Amylase.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of porcine pancreatic enzymes (Creon pancrelipase) in comparison to microbial-derived alpha amylase (MD amylase) on the small intestine wall structure, mucosal glycogen accumulation, and enterocyte turnover. The impact of enzyme supplementation on the small intestine was explored in 18 pigs with surgically induced exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Four healthy pigs served as the control group.

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Heterocycles via Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation: Norbornadiene as an Acetylene Equivalent.

General procedures for the rhodium-catalyzed annulation of aryl/heteroaryl -pivaloyl hydroxamic acids and norbornadiene have been developed. Employing norbornadiene as an acetylene equivalent enables utilization of diverse heterocyclic substrates for this transformation which fail to react or undergo competitive Lossen rearrangement under previously reported conditions. Microwave heating significantly reduces reaction times compared to conventional protocols and allows a one-step process to be realized.

Measuring trends in extinction risk: a review of two decades of development and application of the Red List Index.

The Red List Index (RLI) is an indicator of the average extinction risk of groups of species and reflects trends in this through time. It is calculated from the number of species in each category on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with trends influenced by the number moving between categories when reassessed owing to genuine improvement or deterioration in status. The global RLI is aggregated across multiple taxonomic groups and can be disaggregated to show trends for subsets of species (e.

The effect of prenatal fumonisin B exposure on bone innervation in newborn Wistar rats.

Introduction: This study explored the effects of prenatal exposure to fumonisins B (FB) on bone innervation in newborn Wistar rats.

Material And Methods: Pregnant dams (n = 6 per group) were assigned to either the control or one of two FB-exposed groups (60 mg or 90 mg/kg body weight) from the 7 day of gestation until parturition. On the day of parturition, one male pup from each litter (n = 6 per group) was randomly selected and euthanised, and their femurs were dissected for analysis.

Olympic distance duathlon and cardiac performance in highly-trained triathletes.

The effects of triathlon exercise on cardiac function are well documented. While Olympic triathlon (swim-bike-run) remains the standard format, increasing concerns about water quality in natural waterways present ongoing challenges for open-water swimming events, highlighting the potential need to consider alternative formats such as duathlon (run-bike-run) in some circumstances. An additional run may increase the overall metabolic and cardiovascular demand compared with the swim in triathlon, leading to reduced future performance.

Characterising the activity, lifestyle behaviours and health outcomes of UK university students: an observational cohort study with a focus on gender and ethnicity.

Background: Health-related outcomes and behaviours in university students are known to be poor relative to the general population. The substantial contextual shifts related to the COVID-19 pandemic, combined with increased numbers of students from minoritised ethnicity backgrounds and presenting as trans and gender diverse (TGD), means that up-to-date information is unavailable. The primary aim of this study was therefore to characterise the current movement, dietary and lifestyle behaviours, mental health, and Body Mass Index (BMI) of UK university students and assess differences between genders and ethnic groups.

Investigating the Influence of a Tooth Absence on Facial Bone Growth Using a Porcine Model.

With the current state of knowledge regarding disorders of facial bone development, including anodontia, the development of a suitable animal model for preclinical studies is essential. The agenesis of dental buds occurs in about 25% of the human population. Prospects for treatment include the use of growth factors, stem cells, and bioengineering.

Discovery of PF-07265028, A Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 (HPK1) for the Treatment of Cancer.

Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1/MAP4K1) represents a high interest target for the treatment of cancer through an immune-mediated mechanism. Herein we present highlights of the drug discovery campaign within the lactam/azalactam series of inhibitors that yielded a small molecule (, PF-07265028), which was advanced to a phase 1 clinical trial (NCT05233436). Key components of the discovery effort included optimization of potency through mitigation of ligand strain as guided by the use of cocrystal structures, mitigation of ADME liabilities (plasma instability and fraction metabolism by CYP2D6), and optimization of kinase selectivity, particularly over immune-modulating kinases with high homology to HPK1.

Synthesis of Fused Bicyclic [1,2,4]-Triazoles from Amino Acids.

A 3-step modular procedure combining carboxylic acids with acyl hydrazines provides access to medicinally relevant [1,2,4]-fused triazoles. Good to excellent yields are achieved with tolerance of aliphatic and aryl substituents as well as 5-, 6-, and 7-membered rings for the fused ring. Conditions that can avoid column chromatography and be applicable for both small scale discovery efforts as well as large scale development processes are demonstrated within.

Modified throughput ninhydrin method for the qualitative assessment of dietary protein absorption in pig plasma.

Protein maldigestion and malabsorption lead to malnutrition and are a feature of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). Although it is the current standard, measurement of nitrogen in stool to assess protease activity is indirect. Up to 80% of hydrolysed proteins appear in blood in the form of peptides, so we developed a method to measure peptide-derived amino acids in plasma as a relevant measure of proteolysis, verified its accuracy, precision, and linearity, and validated it in a porcine model.

Asthma and COVID-19: Unveiling Outcome Disparities and Treatment Impact Based on Distinct Endotypes.

Rationale: Epidemiologic studies on asthmatics and data suggest a protective role of T2 inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective: Using a large, multisite cohort, we studied clinical outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple asthma endotypes and examined the effects of T2-directed biologics in infected asthmatics.in Methods: The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) Data Enclave was used to identify and stratify asthmatic patients by endotype to include non-T2 and T2 asthmatics, as well as exposure to T2-directed biologic therapy.

The Changing Landscape of Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischaemic Stroke.

Intravenous thrombolysis remains the most accessible and effective reperfusion therapy available to patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Treatment with intravenous thrombolysis improves the odds of favourable functional outcome with the unacceptably low risk of haemorrhagic complications. Even in the current era of endovascular thrombectomy, intravenous thrombolysis remains the backbone of acute stroke treatment due to its accessibility and relative ease of administration.

Fear of progression after cancer recurrence: a mixed methods study.

Background: The recurrence of cancer will significantly impact an individual's quality of life (QoL) as they adjust to living with a condition that is often incurable. Patients remain at risk of further progression following recurrence, but fear of cancer progression (FOP) at this time is not commonly examined. Importantly, these fears are known to reach levels in which there are consequences for QoL.

Longitudinal Analysis of Bone Metabolic Markers and Bone Mechanical Properties in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats.

This longitudinal study examined the early effects of type 1 diabetes on bone mechanical properties and metabolic markers in mature rats, focusing on the natural progression of diabetes-induced changes without external treatments. : Forty-eight 8-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, with one group receiving a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). Assessments were performed 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-administration, including serum biochemical analyses, bone marker assessments, and mechanical bone tests.

Amylase intrapancreatic infusion delays insulin release during an intravenous glucose tolerance test, proof of acini-islet-acinar interactions.

Background: The possible existence of an acini-islet-acinar (AIA) reflex, involving mutual amylase and insulin interactions, was investigated in the current acute experiment on pigs.

Aim: To confirm the existence of an AIA reflex and justify the placement of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic components within the same organ.

Methods: The study was performed on six pigs under general anesthesia.

Acute and persistent post-operative pain following mastectomy: a descriptive study in a tertiary hospital cohort.

Aims: Post mastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) can have significant negative effects on patients' quality of life after mastectomy. The estimated prevalence of PMPS varies widely and there is little data from a New Zealand population. This limits clinicians' ability to meaningfully describe and discuss pain-related complications of mastectomy peri-operatively.

Direct and indirect effects of and preferences for feedback during the Good Behavior Game in elementary classes.

The Good Behavior Game (GBG) is an effective procedure for reducing disruptive classroom behavior. Students in three fifth-grade classes selected the rules of the GBG and then experienced the GBG with different forms of feedback for rule violations (vocal and visual, vocal only, visual only, no feedback). Following an initial baseline, the four feedback versions of the GBG and a baseline condition were alternated across sessions in a multielement design.

Percutaneous Drainage of Pediatric Pulmonary Abscesses: An Effective Therapy.

Introduction: Pulmonary abscess is a complication of lung infection with localized necrosis and purulent cavity formation. Pulmonary abscesses are typically managed using antibiotic therapy with anatomic surgical resection reserved as a rescue. Percutaneous drainage is considered relatively contraindicated in some centers due to perceived risk of bronchopleural fistula.

A review: Pancreatic enzymes in the treatment of chronic pancreatic insufficiency in companion animals.

The purpose of this review was to analyze the scientific literature on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs and cats and our own research on porcine model to compare animal- and microbial-derived enzymes in the treatment of animals with this disease. Clinical signs of EPI occur when more than 85% of the pancreatic parenchyma is non-functional. EPI can be a consequence of various diseases.

Debridement for surgical wounds.

Background: Surgical wounds that become infected are often debrided because clinicians believe that removal of this necrotic or infected tissue may expedite wound healing. There are numerous methods of debridement available, but no consensus on which one is most effective for surgical wounds.

Objectives: To assess the effects of different methods of debridement on the rate of debridement and healing of surgical wounds.

Total Synthesis of Lissodendoric Acid A.

We describe a full account of our synthetic strategy leading to the first total synthesis of the manzamine alkaloid lissodendoric acid A . These efforts demonstrate that strained cyclic allenes are valuable synthetic building blocks and can be employed efficiently in total synthesis.