The Neurophysiological Lesion: A Scoping Review.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of the literature on the neurophysiological lesion as referenced in functional neurology.

Methods: A literature search was performed within the period from 2010 to March 2021. Search terms included central sensitization, central sensitivity syndrome, nociplastic pain, cold hyperalgesia, heat hyperalgesia, mechanical hyperalgesia, dynamic mechanical allodynia, temporal summation, spatial summation, and descending inhibition.

An investigation into chiropractic intern adherence to radiographic guidelines in clinical decisions with a descriptive comparison to clinical practitioners.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess chiropractic interns' knowledge and adherence to radiographic clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and compare their clinical decisions to previous surveys of established practitioners in Canada and Australia.

Methods: A clinical decision-making survey was administered to 88 interns. The survey contained clinical scenarios and vignettes with inquiries regarding indications for radiographic referral, the likelihood of referral, and the application of CPGs.

The Rise and Fall of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Ongoing Diversification of Omicron.

In late December of 2019, high-throughput sequencing technologies enabled rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 as the etiological agent of COVID-19, and global sequencing efforts are now a critical tool for monitoring the ongoing spread and evolution of this virus. Here, we provide a short retrospective analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants by analyzing a subset ( = 97,437) of all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 genomes ( = ~11.9 million) that were randomly selected but equally distributed over the course of the pandemic.

A Cooperative DNA Catalyst.

DNA catalysts are fundamental building blocks for diverse molecular information-processing circuits. Allosteric control of DNA catalysts has been developed to activate desired catalytic pathways at desired times. Here we introduce a new type of DNA catalyst that we call a cooperative catalyst: a pair of reversible reactions are employed to drive a catalytic cycle in which two signal species, which can be interpreted as an activator and an input, both exhibit catalytic behavior for output production.

Topically delivered 22 nt siRNAs enhance RNAi silencing of endogenous genes in two species.

22 nt siRNAs applied to leaves induce production of transitive sRNAs for targeted genes and can enhance local silencing. Systemic silencing was only observed for a GFP transgene. RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene silencing mechanism important in regulating gene expression during plant development, response to the environment and defense.

The Role of Chiropractic Care in Providing Health Promotion and Clinical Preventive Services for Adult Patients with Musculoskeletal Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline.

To develop evidence-based recommendations on best practices for delivery of clinical preventive services by chiropractors and to offer practical resources to empower provider applications in practice. Clinical practice guideline based on evidence-based recommendations of a panel of practitioners and experts on clinical preventive services. Synthesizing the results of a literature search for relevant clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews, a multidisciplinary steering committee with training and experience in health promotion, clinical prevention, and/or evidence-based chiropractic practice drafted a set of recommendations.

Low-Level Laser Light Therapy Dosage Variables vs Treatment Efficacy of Neuromusculoskeletal Conditions: A Scoping Review.

Objective: The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and synthesize literature on dosage variables on the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for neuromusculoskeletal conditions.

Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted by searching the following databases: the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database, the Index to Chiropractic Literature, manufacturer websites, and online guidelines. The search was modeled after STARLITE criteria.

What will travel medicine look like in the COVID-19 pandemic era?

Travel medicine has virtually stopped in light of the coronavirus pandemic. It is worth contemplating how travel medicine will be affected by the ongoing pandemic when international travel starts to become more possible. How will we advise patients, and utilize the coming vaccines that may be available? Travel medicine practices are well-suited to play a major role in advising travelers in the pandemic era.

Production and Clinical Evaluation of Norwalk GI.1 Virus Lot 001-09NV in Norovirus Vaccine Development.

Background: Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the leading cause of gastroenteritis. No vaccine is currently available to prevent norovirus illness or infection. Safe, infectious challenge strains are needed to assess vaccine efficacy in the controlled human infection model (CHIM).

Survey of chiropractic clinicians on self-reported knowledge and recognition of concussion injuries.

Background: There has been little study of the recognition of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) by the chiropractic practitioner, or of the inquiry by the clinician to assess those patients who may be suffering from the condition, but fail to report the symptoms. Although severe cases of TBI are more often recognized and treated by attendance to hospital or emergency room, MTBI is less recognizable and would present a long-term risk to the patient. Given the clinical risk associated with failure to recognize such injuries, training of the clinician in the subtle signs of MTBI is imperative.

Clinical endpoints in the controlled human challenge model for Shigella: A call for standardization and the development of a disease severity score.

Background: Since 1946 the controlled human infection model (CHIM) for Shigella has been used to improve understanding of disease pathogenesis, describe clinical and immunologic responses to infection and as a tool for vaccine development. As the frequency and intent for use in vaccine comparisons increases, standardization of the primary endpoint definition is necessary.

Methods: Subject-level data were obtained from previously conducted experimental Shigella CHIM studies.

A Literature Review of Electronic Health Records in Chiropractic Practice: Common Challenges and Solutions.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on current challenges and propose solutions for the optimal utilization of the electronic health records (EHRs) in chiropractic practice.

Methods: A search was performed in the PubMed, Index of Chiropractic Literature, and Current Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases from November 2005 to February 2015. A combination of the following key words was used: , , , , , and .

Medications for the prevention and treatment of travellers' diarrhea.

Background: . Travellers' diarrhea (TD) remains one of the most common illnesses encountered by travellers to less developed areas of the world. Because bacterial pathogens such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E.

Survey of Primary Contact Medical and Chiropractic Clinicians on Self-Reported Knowledge and Recognition of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Pilot Study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the self-reported knowledge of concussion recognition and treatment with first-contact family medical and chiropractic practitioners by means of a pilot study of the need, construct validity, and feasibility for further investigation of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) knowledge base.

Methods: Two hundred forty-eight practicing chiropractic and 120 medical physicians in the south and northeastern sections of the United States were contacted by e-mail, telephone, and postal mail to answer an 18-item survey on knowledge, diagnosis, and common practice with respect to traumatic brain injury patients. Descriptive analysis was used to assess common trends.

Randomized safety and immunogenicity trial of a seasonal trivalent inactivated split virion influenza vaccine (IVACFLU-S) in healthy young Vietnamese adults.

Background: Under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Action Plan, PATH supported evaluation of a trivalent, seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine candidate produced by the Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals (IVAC), a Vietnamese manufacturer.

Methods: In 2015, 60 healthy adult subjects 18-45years of age were enrolled in a Phase 1, single center, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study conducted at a district health center in Thai Binh Province, Vietnam. The study evaluated the overall safety and immunogenicity of a seasonal, trivalent inactivated split virion influenza vaccine.

An outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis associated with a community water supply on a U.S. military installation.

An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis involving 249 persons, 32% of whom were hospitalized, occurred on a U.S. Army installation in 1990.

Development of VAX128, a recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) influenza-flagellin fusion vaccine with improved safety and immune response.

Background: We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity profiles of 3 novel influenza vaccine constructs consisting of the globular head of the HA1 domain of the Novel H1N1 genetically fused to the TLR5 ligand, flagellin. HA1 was fused to the C-terminus of flagellin in VAX128A, replaced the D3 domain of flagellin in VAX128B and was fused in both positions in VAX128C.

Methods: In a dose escalation trial, 112 healthy subjects 18-49 and 100 adults ≥65 years old were enrolled in a double blind, placebo controlled clinical trial at two centers.

A theoretical basis for maintenance spinal manipulative therapy for the chiropractic profession.

Object: The purpose of this article is to discuss a theoretical basis for wellness chiropractic manipulative care and to develop a hypothesis for further investigation.

Methods: A SEARCH OF PUBMED AND OF THE MANUAL, ALTERNATIVE, AND NATURAL THERAPY INDEX SYSTEM WAS PERFORMED WITH A COMBINATION OF KEY WORDS: chiropractic, maintenance and wellness care, maintenance manipulative care, preventive spinal manipulation, hypomobility, immobility, adhesions, joint degeneration, and neuronal degeneration. Articles were collected, and trends were identified.

Comparative evaluation of the antibody in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays for measuring mucosal immune responses to Shigella antigens.

Accurately assessing mucosal immune responses to candidate vaccines remains a technical challenge. ELISPOT is widely used as a surrogate of mucosal immune response by directly enumerating circulating antibody secreting cells (ASCs), while antibody in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) titers the total amount of antibody secreted by ASC ex vivo using ELISA. ALS is more practical than ELISPOT because the ASC supernatant is frozen for ELISA that can be conducted at any time, with any antigen, and in any laboratory.

Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant M2e-flagellin influenza vaccine (STF2.4xM2e) in healthy adults.

Background: The ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) is a promising candidate for a broadly protective influenza A vaccine because it is highly conserved and antibodies to M2e are protective in animal models. STF2.4xM2e (VAX102) is a recombinant fusion protein that links four tandem copies of the M2e antigen to Salmonella typhimurium flagellin, a TLR5 ligand used as an adjuvant.

Induction of a potent immune response in the elderly using the TLR-5 agonist, flagellin, with a recombinant hemagglutinin influenza-flagellin fusion vaccine (VAX125, STF2.HA1 SI).

Background: Influenza vaccines perform poorly in the elderly with reduced serological response and vaccine efficacy. We evaluated a novel influenza vaccine consisting of the globular head of the HA1 domain of the A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1) influenza virus (VAX125) genetically fused to the TLR5 ligand, flagellin, and produced in Escherichia coli.

Methods: 120 subjects ≥ 65 years old were enrolled at three clinical centers.

Immunopotentiation of trivalent influenza vaccine when given with VAX102, a recombinant influenza M2e vaccine fused to the TLR5 ligand flagellin.

Background: Currently controversy exists about the immunogenicity of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in certain populations, especially the elderly. STF2.4×M2e (VAX102) is a recombinant fusion protein that links four copies of the ectodomain of influenza virus matrix protein 2 (M2e) antigen to Salmonella typhimurium flagellin, a TLR5 ligand.

Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant hemagglutinin influenza-flagellin fusion vaccine (VAX125) in healthy young adults.

Background: The need for worldwide seasonal and pandemic vaccine production has increased interest in the development of innovative technologies for influenza vaccine production. We evaluated a novel influenza vaccine consisting of the globular head of the HA1 domain of the A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1) influenza virus (VAX125) genetically fused to the TLR5 ligand, flagellin, and produced in E. coli.