The μ-opioid receptor differentiates two distinct human nociceptive populations relevant to clinical pain.

The shortfall in new analgesic agents is a major impediment to reducing reliance on opioid medications for control of severe pain. In both animals and man, attenuating nociceptive transmission from primary afferent neurons with a μ-opioid receptor agonist yields highly effective analgesia. Consequently, deeper molecular characterization of human nociceptive afferents expressing OPRM1, the μ-opioid receptor gene, is a key component for advancing analgesic drug discovery and understanding clinical pain control.

Reactivity of a triamidoamine terminal uranium(VI)-nitride with 3d-transition metal metallocenes.

Reactions between [(Tren)UN] (1, Tren = {N(CHCHNSiPr)}) and [M(η-CR)] (M/R = Cr/H, Mn/H, Fe/H, Ni/H) were intractable, but M/R = Co/H or Co/Me afforded [(Tren)UN-(η:η-CH)Co(η-CH)] (2) and [(Tren)U-NH] (3), respectively. For M/R = V/H [(Tren)U-NV(η-CH)] (4), was isolated. Complexes 2-4 evidence one-/two-electron uranium reductions, nucleophilic nitrides, and partial N-atom transfer.

Analgesic candidate adenosine A 3 receptors are expressed by perineuronal peripheral macrophages in human dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord microglia.

Adenosine receptors are a family of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors that are widely distributed in bodily organs and in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Recently, antihyperalgesic actions have been suggested for the adenosine A 3 receptor, and its agonists have been proposed as new neuropathic pain treatments. We hypothesized that these receptors may be expressed in nociceptive primary afferent neurons.

Outcomes and complications of postoperative seroma cavities following soft-tissue sarcoma resection.

Introduction: Seroma development is a known complication following extremity and trunk soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) resection. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and characterize seroma outcomes and the development of associated complications.

Methods: A retrospective review of 123 patients who developed postoperative seromas following STS resection at a single institution was performed.

Outcomes of limited stage primary bone diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era: a multicenter, retrospective study.

Primary bone diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a rare variant of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma historically treated with induction chemotherapy followed by consolidative radiation therapy (RT). It remains unknown whether RT confers additional benefit following rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) induction in patients with limited stage disease. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of patients treated between 2005 and 2019 using rituximab-based CIT regimens with or without consolidative RT to discern whether consolidative RT adds benefit in patients with stage I-II disease that could be encompassed in one radiation field.

Expression pattern analysis and characterization of the hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy 2 A (HSAN2A) gene with no lysine kinase (WNK1) in human dorsal root ganglion.

Inherited painless neuropathies arise due to genetic insults that either block the normal signaling of or destroy the sensory afferent neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) responsible for transducing noxious stimuli. Complete loss of these neurons leads to profound insensitivity to all sensory modalities including pain. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 2 (HSNAII) is a rare genetic neuropathy characterized by a progressive distal early onset sensory loss.

Natural history of intraosseous low-grade chondroid lesions of the proximal humerus.

Introduction: Enchondromas and grade 1 chondrosarcomas are commonly encountered low-grade chondroid tumors in the proximal humerus. While there is a concern for malignant transformation, few studies have evaluated the natural history of these lesions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the natural history of proximal humerus low-grade chondroid lesions managed both conservatively and surgically, and to define management criteria using clinical and radiographic findings for these low-grade chondroid lesions.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for metastatic sarcoma to the lung: adding to the arsenal of local therapy.

Introduction: Conventional treatment of pulmonary metastatic sarcoma primarily involves surgery, with systemic therapy added in select patients. However, broader applications of radiation therapy techniques have prompted investigation into the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for treatment of metastatic sarcoma, an attractive non-invasive intervention with potential for lower rates of adverse events than surgery. Current data are limited to retrospective analyses.

One-Stage Synovectomies Result in Improved Short-Term Outcomes Compared to Two-Stage Synovectomies of Diffuse-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor (D-TGCT) of the Knee: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Cohort Study.

Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumors' (D-TGCTs) intra- and extra-articular expansion about the knee often necessitates an anterior and posterior surgical approach to facilitate an extensive synovectomy. There is no consensus on whether two-sided synovectomies should be performed in one or two stages. This retrospective study included 191 D-TGCT patients from nine sarcoma centers worldwide to compare the postoperative short-term outcomes between both treatments.

Phase transitions in evolutionary dynamics.

Sharp changes in state, such as transitions from survival to extinction, are hallmarks of evolutionary dynamics in biological systems. These transitions can be explored using the techniques of statistical physics and the physics of nonlinear and complex systems. For example, a survival-to-extinction transition can be characterized as a non-equilibrium phase transition to an absorbing state.

Outcome comparison between muscle and fasciocutaneous flaps after secondary orthopedic procedures.

Lower extremity wounds associated with fractures and bony defects often require secondary orthopedic procedures after flap coverage has been performed. In this study, we compare complications between muscle and fasciocutaneous flaps after secondary orthopedic procedures. A retrospective chart review study of all lower extremity soft tissue reconstructions by a single surgeon over seven years yielded a subgroup of patients who underwent secondary orthopedic procedures, including hardware removal, hardware revision, and bone grafting after flap reconstruction.

Contrast-Specific Spherical Lesion Phantoms and Ancillary Analysis Software for the Objective Evaluation of Transrectal Ultrasound System Contrast Detectability.

Brachytherapy is an efficacious treatment option because of its benefits for patient recovery, dose localization and conformity, but these favorable outcomes can be ensured only if the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) system is optimized for the specific application of ultrasound-guided prostate brachytherapy. The ability to delineate the prostate from surrounding tissue during TRUS-guided prostate brachytherapy is vital for treatment planning, and consequently, so is the contrast resolution. This study describes the development of task-specific contrast-detail phantoms with clinically relevant contrast and spherical target sizes for contrast-detail performance evaluation of TRUS systems used in the brachytherapy procedure.

Uranium-nitride chemistry: uranium-uranium electronic communication mediated by nitride bridges.

Treatment of [U(N)(Tren)] (1, Tren = {N(CHCHNSiPr)}) with excess Li resulted in the isolation of [{U(μ-NLi)(Tren)}] (2), which exhibits a diuranium(IV) 'diamond-core' dinitride motif. Over-reduction of 1 produces [U(Tren)] (3), and together with known [{U(μ-NLi)(Tren)}] (4) an overall reduction sequence 1 → 4 → 2 → 3 is proposed. Attempts to produce an odd-electron nitride from 2 resulted in the formation of [{U(Tren)}(μ-NH)(μ-NLi)Li] (5).

Supervised Machine Learning-Based Decision Support for Signal Validation Classification.

Introduction: Signal validation in pharmacovigilance is the process of evaluating data to decide whether evidence is sufficient to justify further assessment of a detected signal. During the signal validation process, safety experts in our organization are required to review signals of disproportionate reporting (SDRs) and classify them into one of six predefined categories.

Objective: This experiment explored the extent to which predictive machine learning (ML) models can support the decision making of safety experts by accurately identifying the most appropriate predefined signal validation category.

Differential Virulence Contributions of the Efflux Transporter MexAB-OprM in Infecting a Variety of Host Plants.

Efflux transporters such as MexAB-OprM contribute to bacterial resistance to diverse antimicrobial compounds. Here, we show that MexB contributes to epiphytic and late-stage apoplastic growth of strain B728a, as well as lesion formation in common bean (). Although a ∆ mutant formed fewer lesions after topical application to common bean, these lesions contain the same number of cells (10 to 10 cells) as those caused by the wild-type strain.

Local Control of Cancers With Various Ablation Techniques.

Metastatic disease to the bone and soft tissue creates significant morbidity because of pain resulting in decreased functional status. Palliative chemotherapy and radiation therapy were historically the mainstays of pain reduction. Minimally invasive technologies such as image-guided ablation and cementoplasty have become common in interventional radiology.

Use of a novel anthropomorphic prostate simulator in a prostate brachytherapy transrectal ultrasound imaging workshop for medical physicists.

Purpose: Ultrasound imaging training is not required as part of radiation oncology training programs nor does any objective competency measure exist to independently assess performance. Physical simulation training can provide a structured approach to this training but only if suitably challenging training simulators exist. This study describes the design and preliminary evaluation of a simulation-based transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging training workshop developed for medical physicists involved in low-dose-rate (LDR) prostate brachytherapy (PBT).

Sex-specific effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure-induced dysregulation of hippocampal glial cells in adulthood.

Adolescent alcohol abuse is a significant public health concern, with approximately 4.3 million U.S.

Resection Status Does Not Impact Recurrence in Well-Differentiated Liposarcoma of the Extremity.

Background: Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) is a low-grade soft tissue sarcoma with a propensity for local recurrence. The necessity of obtaining microscopically free surgical margins (R0) to minimize local recurrence is not clear. This study evaluates recurrence-free survival (RFS) of extremity WDLPS in relation to resection margin status.

Preoperative Radiation Performed at a Nonsarcoma Center May Lead to Increased Wound Complications Following Resection in Patients With Soft Tissue Sarcomas.

Objectives: Preoperative radiation therapy (RT) followed by wide-local excision with or without chemotherapy is widely accepted as management for soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Although studies have demonstrated excellent local control with this technique, there can be significant morbidity with the development of wound complications. It has been shown that sarcoma resections performed at a high-volume center lead to improved survival and functional outcomes.

Impact of clinical research coordinators on research output in orthopedic surgery.

To describe the efficacy of clinical research coordinators (CRCs) in terms of research output among faculty, residents and medical students. We analyzed and reviewed departmental research output from the 3 years prior to the hire of 3 CRCs compared with the 3 years following. From 2014 to 2016, the department output was a total of 27 peer-reviewed publications, 16 oral presentations and 33 poster presentations.

Minimally Invasive Stabilization with or without Ablation for Metastatic Periacetabular Tumors.

Background: Metastatic bone disease in the periacetabular region represents a potentially devastating problem for patients. Surgical treatment can offer pain relief and restore function. We describe a series of patients treated with minimally invasive osteoplasty and screw fixation with or without ablation.

Multi-segment foot kinematics during gait following ankle arthroplasty.

Ankle arthritis is a debilitating disease marked by pain and limited function. Total ankle arthroplasty improves pain while preserving motion and offers an alternative to the traditional treatment of ankle fusion. Gait analysis and functional outcomes tools can provide an objective balanced analysis of ankle replacement for the treatment of ankle arthritis.

Dipnictogen f-Element Chemistry: A Diphosphorus Uranium Complex.

The first isolation and structural characterization of an f-element dinitrogen complex was reported in 1988, but an f-element complex with the first heavier group 15 homologue diphosphorus has to date remained unknown. Here, we report the synthesis of a side-on bound diphosphorus complex of uranium(IV) using a 7λ-(dimethylamino)phosphadibenzonorbornadiene-mediated P atom transfer approach. Experimental and computational characterization reveals that the diphosphorus ligand is activated to its dianionic (P) form and that in-plane U-P π-bonding dominates the bonding of the U(μ-η:η-P)U unit, which is supplemented by a weak U-P interaction of δ symmetry.