Oxidative Damage and Antioxidants as Markers for the Selection of Emersion Hardening Treatments in Greenshell Mussel Juveniles ().

Transport out of the water is one of the most challenging events for juvenile and can be a highly inefficient process, with many juveniles subsequently being lost following extended periods of emersion. Hardening techniques offer a possible method for reducing transport-related stress. In this study, different hardening treatments (short, long and intermittent sub-lethal emersion) were used to prepare ~1.

Unraveling the genetic enigma of rice submergence tolerance: Shedding light on the role of ethylene response factor-encoding gene SUB1A-1.

The world's low-lying rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation areas are under threat of submergence or flash flooding due to global warming. Rice plants manifest a variety of physiological and morphological changes to cope with submergence and hypoxia, including lowering carbohydrate consumption, inhibiting shoot elongation, and forming a thicker leaf gas film during submergence. Functional studies have revealed that submergence tolerance in rice is mainly determined by an ethylene response factor (ERF) transcription factor-encoding gene, namely SUBMERGENCE 1A-1 (SUB1A-1) located in the SUB1 quantitative trait locus.

Improvement of qualitative and quantitative traits in cotton under normal and stressed environments using genomics and biotechnological tools: A review.

Due to the increasing demand for high-quality and high fiber-yielding cotton (Gossypium spp.), research into the development of stress-resilient cotton cultivars has acquired greater significance. Various biotic and abiotic stressors greatly affect cotton production and productivity, posing challenges to the future of the textile industry.

Metabolic Regulation of Copper Toxicity during Marine Mussel Embryogenesis.

The development of new tools for assessing the health of cultured shellfish larvae is crucial for aquaculture industries to develop and refine hatchery methodologies. We established a large-volume ecotoxicology/health stressor trial, exposing mussel () embryos to copper in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). GC/MS-based metabolomics was applied to identify potential biomarkers for monitoring embryonic/larval health and to characterise mechanisms of metal toxicity.

Strigolactones positively regulate Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton via crosstalk with other hormones.

Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a serious vascular disease in cotton (Gossypium spp.). V.

Differential metabolic rearrangements in the roots and leaves of Cicer arietinum caused by single or double nitrate and/or phosphate deficiencies.

Nitrate (NO ) and phosphate (Pi) deficiencies are the major constraints for chickpea productivity, significantly impacting global food security. However, excessive fertilization is expensive and can also lead to environmental pollution. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop chickpea cultivars that are able to grow on soils deficient in both NO and Pi.

Impacts of Rapid Desiccation on Oxidative Status, Ultrastructure and Physiological Functions of (Myrtaceae) Zygotic Embryos in Preparation for Cryopreservation.

Syzygium maire is a highly threatened Myrtaceae tree species endemic to New Zealand. Due to its recalcitrant seed storage behaviour, cryopreservation is the only viable long-term ex situ conservation option for this species. This study investigated viability, oxidative stress, thermal properties, and ultrastructure of zygotic embryo axes (EAs) desiccated to various moisture contents (MC).

A new method to localise and quantify oxidative stress in live juvenile mussels.

Stress and survival of the juvenile New Zealand green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus, is a poorly understood bottleneck in the ecological and economic performance of a significant aquaculture crop. This species was therefore selected as a model organism for the development of a new method to quantify oxidative stress in whole individuals. An in vivo ROS-activated stain (CellROX™) was administered to anaesthetised, translucent juveniles that were subsequently formaldehyde fixed and then visualised using confocal microscopy.

Kinetics of Colour Development during Frying of Potato Pre-Treated with Pulsed Electric Fields and Blanching: Effect of Cultivar.

The current research aimed to investigate the effect of pulsed electric fields (1 kV/cm; 50 and 150 kJ/kg) followed by blanching (3 min., 100 °C) on the colour development of potato slices during frying on a kinetic basis. Four potato cultivars 'Crop77', 'Moonlight', 'Nadine', and 'Russet Burbank' with different content of glucose and amino acids were used.

Emersion and Relative Humidity Modulate Stress Response and Recovery Dynamics in Juvenile Mussels ().

The early stages of intertidal mussels, including the green-lipped mussel, , face both direct and indirect environmental threats. Stressors may influence physiological status and, ultimately, survival. An understanding of the nature of stress experienced is critical to inform conservation and aquaculture efforts.

Genotype- and tissue-specific physiological and biochemical changes of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum) varieties following a rapid dehydration.

In nature, plants may suffer rapid dehydration (RD), which causes significant loss of the annual global chickpea production. Thus, ascertaining more knowledge concerning the RD-tolerance mechanisms in chickpea is crucial for developing high drought-tolerant varieties to assure sustainable chickpea production under sudden water deficit. Here, we focused on genotype-driven variation in leaf relative water content (RWC) and associated differences in RD-responsive physiological and biochemical attributes in roots and leaves of two chickpea varieties, FLIP00-21C and FLIP02-89C, subjected to well-watered and RD conditions.

Microplastic ingestion induces asymmetry and oxidative stress in larvae of the sea urchin Pseudechinus huttoni.

Determining the effects of microplastic (MP) ingestion by marine organisms, especially during the sensitive larval stages, is an important step in understanding wider ecosystem responses. We investigated the ingestion, retention (1-5 μm), and short-term exposure effects (1-4 μm) of spherical MPs by larvae of the sea urchin Pseudechinus huttoni. Larvae ingested MPs in a dose-dependent manner and successfully egested particles after a short retention period.

Enhancing Salt Tolerance of Plants: From Metabolic Reprogramming to Exogenous Chemical Treatments and Molecular Approaches.

Plants grow on soils that not only provide support for root anchorage but also act as a reservoir of water and nutrients important for plant growth and development. However, environmental factors, such as high salinity, hinder the uptake of nutrients and water from the soil and reduce the quality and productivity of plants. Under high salinity, plants attempt to maintain cellular homeostasis through the production of numerous stress-associated endogenous metabolites that can help mitigate the stress.

Phosphate or nitrate imbalance induces stronger molecular responses than combined nutrient deprivation in roots and leaves of chickpea plants.

The negative effects of phosphate (Pi) and/or nitrate (NO ) fertilizers on the environment have raised an urgent need to develop crop varieties with higher Pi and/or nitrogen use efficiencies for cultivation in low-fertility soils. Achieving this goal depends upon research that focuses on the identification of genes involved in plant responses to Pi and/or NO starvation. Although plant responses to individual deficiency in either Pi (-Pi/+NO ) or NO (+Pi/-NO ) have been separately studied, our understanding of plant responses to combined Pi and NO deficiency (-Pi/-NO ) is still very limited.

Phytohormones regulate convergent and divergent responses between individual and combined drought and pathogen infection.

Plants exposed to the combination of drought and pathogen infections are in a unique state, different from that of plants exposed to each stress alone. Plants undergo major hormonal changes during drought and/or pathogen infection, highlighting the importance of hormones as crucial mediators of plant stress responses. Evidence from individual stress studies has shown that drought and pathogen infection have both different and overlapping impacts on hormone metabolism and hormone-associated signal transduction pathways.

Structural Changes Induced by Pulsed Electric Fields Increase the Concentration of Volatiles Released in Red Onion ( L. var. Red Pearl) Bulbs.

This study investigated whether pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment can induce structural changes of whole, intact red onion bulb ( L. var. Red Pearl).

Heat stress effects on source-sink relationships and metabolome dynamics in wheat.

Crops such as wheat (Triticum spp.) are predicted to face more frequent exposures to heat stress as a result of climate change. Increasing the yield and sustainability of yield under such stressful conditions has long been a major target of wheat breeding, and this goal is becoming increasingly urgent as the global population increases.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the metal tolerance protein (MTP) family in grape ( L.).

Metal tolerance proteins (MTPs) play an important role in the transport of metals at the cellular, tissue and whole plant levels. In the present study, 11 genes were identified and these clustered in three major sub-families Fe/Zn-MTP, Zn-MTP, and Mn-MTP, and seven groups, which are similar to the grouping of MTP genes in both and rice. metal tolerance proteins (VvMTP) ranged from 366 to 1092 amino acids, were predicted to be located in the cell vacuole, and had four to six putative TMDs, except for VvtMTP12 and VvMTP1.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system and its applications in crop genome editing.

The CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein9) system is an RNA-guided genome editing tool that consists of a Cas9 nuclease and a single-guide RNA (sgRNA). By base-pairing with a DNA target sequence, the sgRNA enables Cas9 to recognize and cut a specific target DNA sequence, generating double strand breaks (DSBs) that trigger cell repair mechanisms and mutations at or near the DSBs sites. Since its discovery, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has revolutionized genome editing and is now becoming widely utilized to edit the genomes of a diverse range of crop plants.

Impact of Pulsed Electric Fields on the Volatile Compounds Produced in Whole Onions ( and ).

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) processing on the volatile compounds produced in onion cultivars. The changes in the volatile compounds of onions were assessed comparing results observed while measured immediately and 24 h after PEF treatment using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Significant increases in the concentrations of propanethial S-oxide, propenyl propyl thiosulfinate, 2-methyl-2-pentenal, dipropyl disulfide, propenyl propyl disulfide, methyl propyl disulfide, and methyl propenyl disulfide were observed immediately after PEF treatment.

Metabolomics and Transcriptomics in Legumes Under Phosphate Deficiency in Relation to Nitrogen Fixation by Root Nodules.

Phosphate (P) deficiency is a critical environmental constraint that affects the growth and development of several legume crops that are usually cultivated in semi-arid regions and marginal areas. P deficiency is known to be a significant limitation for symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation (SNF), and variability in SNF is strongly interlinked with the concentrations of P in the nodules. To deal with P deficiency, plants trigger various adaptive responses, including the induction and secretion of acid phosphatases, maintenance of P homeostasis in nodules and other organs, and improvement of oxygen (O) consumption per unit of nodule mass.

Genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9-targeted mutagenesis: An opportunity for yield improvements of crop plants grown under environmental stresses.

Developing more crops able to sustainably produce high yields when grown under biotic/abiotic stresses is an important goal, if crop production and food security are to be guaranteed in the face of ever-increasing human population and unpredictable global climatic conditions. However, conventional crop improvement, through random mutagenesis or genetic recombination, is time-consuming and cannot keep pace with increasing food demands. Targeted genome editing (GE) technologies, especially clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/(CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (Cas9), have great potential to aid in the breeding of crops that are able to produce high yields under conditions of biotic/abiotic stress.

Cold, antioxidant and osmotic pre-treatments maintain the structural integrity of meristematic cells and improve plant regeneration in cryopreserved kiwifruit shoot tips.

Cryopreservation is a reliable and cost-effective method for the long-term preservation of clonally propagated species. The number of vegetatively propagated species conserved by cryopreservation is increasing through development of vitrification-based methods; droplet vitrification in particular is becoming the preferred method for many species, as it ensures fast freezing and thawing rates. This research investigated if cold, antioxidant and osmotic pre-treatments could maintain the structural integrity of cells, thence aid in developing a droplet vitrification protocol for kiwifruit using Actinidia chinensis var.