Candidate composite biomarker to inform drug treatments for diabetic kidney disease.

Introduction: Current guidelines recommend renin angiotensin system inhibitors (RASi) as key components of treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Additional options include sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1a), and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MCRa). The identification of the optimum drug combination for an individual is difficult because of the inter-, and longitudinal intra-individual heterogeneity of response to therapy.

Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Exposure to Head Impacts in University Football Players.

Objective: To investigate the link between dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exposure to head impacts in concussed football athletes.

Design: This was a prospective, observational pilot study.

Setting: Canadian university football.

Effect of Fluid Properties on Contact Angles in the Eagle Ford Shale Measured with Spontaneous Imbibition.

Models of fluid flow are used to improve the efficiency of oil and gas extraction and to estimate the storage and leakage of carbon dioxide in geologic reservoirs. Therefore, a quantitative understanding of key parameters of rock-fluid interactions, such as contact angles, wetting, and the rate of spontaneous imbibition, is necessary if these models are to predict reservoir behavior accurately. In this study, aqueous fluid imbibition rates were measured in fractures in samples of the Eagle Ford Shale using neutron imaging.

Water Migration and Swelling in Engineered Barrier Materials for Radioactive Waste Disposal.

Deep, underground repositories are needed to isolate radioactive waste from the biosphere. Because bentonite is an integral component of many multibarrier repository systems, information on the hydraulic behavior of bentonite is crucial for modeling the long-term viability of such systems. In this paper the hydraulic behavior of bentonite samples was analyzed as a function of aggregate size, and samples were subjected to hydrothermal treatments involving contact with NaCl, KCl, and deionized water.

Data-informed Intervention Improves Football Technique and Reduces Head Impacts.

Introduction: Although sport participation is a key contributor to the physical and mental health of children and youth, exposure to subconcussive head impacts in football has raised concerns about safety for athletes.

Purpose: To demonstrate the efficacy of incorporating targeted football drills into a team's practice routine with the goal of improving players' technique and reduce exposure to subconcussive head impacts.

Methods: Seventy high school football players (age, 16.

Solvent-pore interactions in the Eagle Ford shale formation.

The effect of solvent extraction on pore space was examined on a suite of samples from the Eagle Ford Shale Formation with varying lithologies and maturities. Several solvents ─toluene, cyclohexane, methanol, dichloromethane, and hydrochloric acid─ were contacted with shale samples, extracting the compatible organic matter. The porosity in these extracted shale samples was compared to unmodified samples.

Deviation between the chemistry of Ce(IV) and Pu(IV) and routes to ordered and disordered heterobimetallic 4f/5f and 5f/5f phosphonates.

The heterobimetallic actinide compound UO(2)Ce(H(2)O)[C(6)H(4)(PO(3)H)(2)](2)·H(2)O was prepared via the hydrothermal reaction of U(VI) and Ce(IV) in the presence of 1,2-phenylenediphosphonic acid. We demonstrate that this is a kinetic product that is not stable with respect to decomposition to the monometallic compounds. Similar reactions have been explored with U(VI) and Ce(III), resulting in the oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV) and the formation of the Ce(IV) phosphonate, Ce[C(6)H(4)(PO(3)H)(PO(3)H(2))][C(6)H(4)(PO(3)H)(PO(3))]·2H(2)O, UO(2)Ce(H(2)O)[C(6)H(4)(PO(3)H)(2)](2)·H(2)O, and UO(2)[C(6)H(4)(PO(3)H)(2)](H(2)O)·H(2)O.

Tibial tunnel bone grafting: a new technique for dealing with graft-tunnel mismatch in endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

A problem that is frequently encountered during endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft is that the graft is often too long and protrudes from the tibial tunnel. If less than 20 mm of the bone plug remains in the tibial tunnel, interference screw fixation cannot safely be used, and an alternate form of fixation may have to be employed. A simple technique has been developed to deal with this problem.

Revascularization and ligamentization of autogenous anterior cruciate ligament grafts in humans.

Forty-eight patients were enrolled in a study to determine the time interval for maturity and remodeling following arthroscopically assisted autogenous anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Two biopsy specimens, one superficial and one deep, at the same level in the midsubstance of the ACL were obtained. Graft age, time from ACL reconstruction to biopsy, ranged from 3 months to 120 months.

Femoral nerve palsy after arthroscopic surgery with an infusion pump irrigation system. A report of three cases.

One patient developed complete, and two patients, partial, femoral nerve palsy after arthroscopic surgery in which an infusion pump was used to operate an irrigation system. In one case, hip flexor and quadricep function was completely lost after the patient underwent arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy without the use of a tourniquet. A CT scan of the pelvis demonstrated considerable fluid accumulation in the thigh and inguinal regions.

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Autograft or allograft?

Refinements in arthroscopic techniques have fostered an upsurge in arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. This article explores the relative merits of autogenous and allogeneic tissue used for this purpose and describes several important technical points in the author's preferred method of surgery.

Characterization of carbon disulfide binding in blood and to other biological substances.

Free and bound forms of CS2 are present in subjects exposed to CS2. In rats exposed to 2 mg/liter (approximately 640 ppm) of CS2 for 4 hr, concentrations of acid-labile CS2 (AL CS2, a form of bound CS2 that can be recovered from biological samples by acid treatment) in plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) increased linearly with exposure time. The majority (90%) of the blood AL CS2 was present in the RBCs.

The role of the red blood cell in the transport of carbon disulfide.

When rats were exposed to 2 mg l-1 (approximately 640 ppm) of carbon disulfide (CS2) for 4 h, the concentration of free CS2 in the red blood cells (RBCs) approached a plateau within 2 h. Free CS2 in plasma reached a steady state concentration within 15 min of exposure. More than 90% of the free CS2 in blood was found in the RBCs regardless of the length of exposure.

How I Manage Osteochondritis Dissecans.

In brief: Knee pain and joint effusion are usually among the earliest symptoms of osteochondritis dissecans, a lesion that occurs most often on the articular surfaces of the femoral condyles. It is seen most frequently among active adolescents but can occur in anyone between the ages of 5 and 50. The principal goal of treatment should be to prevent partial or complete detachment of the lesion and alteration in the articular surface leading to degenerative arthrosis.

Mechanisms of decreased cerebrospinal fluid production by radiographic contrast media: role of adenylate cyclase activation.

The i.v. administration of radiographic contrast media decreases cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production as measured by negative pressure collection from the lateral ventricles of anesthetized dogs.

Lead induction of crop dysfunction in pigeons through a direct action on neural or smooth muscle components of crop tissue.

Lead acetate solutions administered p.o. to pigeons produce crop stasis.

An investigation of the mechanism of lead-induced relaxation of pigeon crop smooth muscle.

Lead-induced crop dysfunction is probably due to a direct action on the smooth muscle or the neural elements in crop tissue. Strips of crop tissue relax when exposed to lead chloride in vitro. We found that tetrodotoxin and the neurotransmitter antagonists propranolol, sotalol and apamin failed to alter lead-induced relaxation, suggesting that the effect is not neurally mediated.

Pharmacological action of radiographic contrast media reduced cerebrospinal fluid production in the dog.

Intravenous administration of radiographic contrast media (CM) significantly decreases cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production as measured by negative pressure collection from a lateral ventricle of the anesthetized dog. This effect has been shown with the conventional ionic CM, sodium diatrizoate, and is now reported for the new nonionic agent, iohexol. Continuous infusion of either agent maintains the decrease.

Decreased cerebrospinal fluid production by intravenous sodium diatrizoate.

Intravenous administration of the radiographic contrast agent sodium diatrizoate (50%, 2ml/kg) significantly decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production in dogs for up to 40 minutes as measured from a lateral ventricular cannula. The magnitude of this decrease exceeded the decrease induced by hypertonic saline. Since hypertonicity could not explain the decrease, an enzymatic mechanism was sought.

Phenylthioalkylamines in experimental tumor treatment in mice.

Two phenylthioalkylamines, phenylthioethylamine (PTEA) and phenylthiopropylamine (PTPA), were prepared and tested for cytotoxicity in vitro and as antitumor agents in (C57BL X DBA/2)F1 (BDF1) mice. Low concentrations of PTEA (median effective concentrations of 8.0, 12.

Blood-bound carbon disulfide: an indicator of carbon disulfide exposure, and its accumulation in repeatedly exposed rats.

Carbon disulfide is present in exposed subjects in free and bound or acid-labile forms. Sensitivities of the blood acid-labile CS2 (AL CS2) concentration and the modified iodine-azide test (IAT) were compared as indicators of CS2 exposure. Rats were exposed to 15 (approximately 5 ppm), 30, 60, or 120 mg/m3 of CS2.

A technique of arthroscopic meniscoplasty.

Indications and technique are discussed for arthroscopic repair of meniscal tears by means of mattress sutures delivered by Kirschner wire. Short term results in eight cases are summarized.