A Joint three-plane Physics-constrained Deep learning based Polynomial Fitting Approach for MR Electrical Properties Tomography.

Magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography can extract the electrical properties of in-vivo tissue. To estimate tissue electrical properties, various reconstruction algorithms have been proposed. However, physics-based reconstructions are prone to various artifacts such as noise amplification and boundary artifact.

Plasma Treatment of Metal Surfaces for Enhanced Bonding Strength of Metal-Polymer Hybrid Structures.

The adhesion between metals and polymers plays a pivotal role in numerous industrial applications, especially within the automotive and aerospace sectors, where there is a growing demand for materials that are both lightweight and durable. This study introduces an innovative technique to improve the adhesion between a metal and a polymer in hybrid structures through the synergistic use of anodization and plasma treatment. By forming a nanoporous oxide layer on aluminum surfaces, anodization enhances the interface for polymer binding.

Machine-Learning Parsimonious Prediction Model for Diagnostic Screening of Severe Hematological Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors: Retrospective Observational Study by Using the Common Data Model.

: Earlier detection of severe immune-related hematological adverse events (irHAEs) in cancer patients treated with a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor is critical to improving treatment outcomes. The study aimed to develop a simple machine learning (ML) model for predicting irHAEs associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. : We utilized the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership-Common Data Model based on electronic medical records from a tertiary (KHMC) and a secondary (KHNMC) hospital in South Korea.

Mcl-1 is a Gatekeeper Molecule to Regulate the Crosstalk Between Ferroptotic Agent-Induced ER Stress and TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis.

We previously reported that ferroptosis interplays with apoptosis through the integration of two independent pathways: the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling pathway and the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated a potential gatekeeper molecule, Mcl-1, between the two signal transduction pathways. Morphology studies and cell death analyses confirmed that a combination treatment of ferroptotic agent erastin (ERA) and apoptotic agent TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) synergistically enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma BxPC3 and human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells.

Discovery of 1,4-Disubstituted Cyclohexene Analogues as Selective GPR119 Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.

GPR119 has emerged as a promising target for treating type 2 diabetes and associated obesity, as its stimulation induces the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide in the intestinal tract as well as the glucose-dependent release of insulin in pancreatic β-cells. We describe the design and synthesis of novel GPR119 agonists containing a 1,4-disubstituted cyclohexene scaffold. Compound displayed nanomolar potency (EC = 3.

Frequency and Risk Factors of Advanced Neoplasia in Korean Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients with Low-grade Dysplasia.

Background/aims: Studies on the clinical outcomes after detecting low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are insufficient. This study evaluated the clinical features, frequency, and risk factors for advanced neoplasia in patients with IBD after an LGD diagnosis.

Methods: The medical records of 166 patients with IBD from six university hospitals in Korea from 2010 to 2019 were reviewed retrospectively.

Crystal Structure and Photoluminescence Properties of Ca(PO):Eu Phosphors With High Emission Efficiency.

The influence of Eu concentration on the crystal structure and photoluminescence (PL) properties of Ca(PO):xEu (0.06 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) phosphors is systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and PL spectroscopy.

Levamisole, as a viral vaccine adjuvant, induces robust host defense through the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses.

Introduction: An effective vaccination policy must be implemented to prevent foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). However, the currently used vaccines for FMD have several limitations, including induction of humoral rather than cellular immune responses.

Methods: To overcome these shortcomings, we assessed the efficacy of levamisole, a small-molecule immunomodulator, as an adjuvant for the FMD vaccine.

Cation Effect on the Electrochemical Platinum Dissolution.

Ensuring the stability of electrocatalysts is paramount to the success of electrochemical energy conversion devices. Degradation is a fundamental process involving the release of positively charged metal ions into the electric double layer (EDL) and their subsequent diffusion into the bulk electrolyte. However, despite its vital importance in achieving prolonged electrocatalysis, the underlying causality of catalyst dissolution with the EDL structure remains largely unknown.

Sex Differences in Clinical Features and Survival Outcomes of Esophageal Cancer: A Comparative Study in the Korean Population.

Purpose: Esophageal cancer is a predominantly male disease. However, the sex differences associated with esophageal cancer have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the differences between esophageal cancer in males and females in the Korean population.

Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Based on Distance from Haptic to Principal Object Plane.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of the distance from the most-anterior surface of the optic to the principal object plane (POP) and from the foremost haptic to the principal object plane (H-POP) on the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation.

Setting: A tertiary hospital.

Design: Optical simulation and retrospective cross-sectional study.

Noncanonical role of Golgi-associated macrophage TAZ in chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis.

Until now, Hippo pathway-mediated nucleocytoplasmic translocation has been considered the primary mechanism by which yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) transcriptional coactivators regulate cell proliferation and differentiation via transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD)-mediated target gene expression. In this study, however, we found that TAZ, but not YAP, is associated with the Golgi apparatus in macrophages activated via Toll-like receptor ligands during the resolution phase of inflammation. Golgi-associated TAZ enhanced vesicle trafficking and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in M1 macrophage independent of the Hippo pathway.

Inter-reader reliability of Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System US: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System (O-RADS) US provides a standardized lexicon for ovarian and adnexal lesions, facilitating risk stratification based on morphological features for malignancy assessment, which is essential for proper management. However, systematic determination of inter-reader reliability in O-RADS US categorization remains unexplored. This study aimed to systematically determine the inter-reader reliability of O-RADS US categorization and identify the factors that affect it.

Recent trends and outcomes in immediate and delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgeries: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea.

Purpose: To analyze the latest annual trends in immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) and delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS) among patients with bilateral cataracts in Korea, and to identify the factors influencing the choice of surgery and the outcomes associated with ISBCS and DSBCS.

Methods: This retrospective, nationwide cohort study included all patients aged 65 and older who were covered by the Korean National Health Insurance and underwent ISBCS or DSBCS from 2016 to 2021. The study recorded yearly numbers of ISBCS and DSBCS procedures, the interval between surgeries in DSBCS cases, patient demographics, types of implanted intraocular lenses (IOLs), and the incidence of cystoid macular edema and endophthalmitis following ISBCS or DSBCS.

Siderophore-based targeted antibody recruitment for promoting immune responses towards Gram-negative pathogens.

Antibody-recruiting molecules (ARMs) have emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing immune responses against pathogens and cancer cells. In this study, we developed a novel class of antibacterial ARMs utilizing siderophores, small iron-chelating compounds, as targeting motifs. Siderophores naturally exhibit high specificity for bacterial pathogens due to their role in iron acquisition, making them ideal candidates for selective targeting.

Matrix-Rigidity Cooperates With Biochemical Cues in M2 Macrophage Activation Through Increased Nuclear Deformation and Chromatin Accessibility.

Macrophages encounter a myriad of biochemical and mechanical stimuli across various tissues and pathological contexts. Notably, matrix rigidity has emerged as a pivotal regulator of macrophage activation through mechanotransduction. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the interplay between mechanical and biochemical cues within the nuclear milieu remain elusive.

Korean Gastric Cancer Association-Led Nationwide Survey on Surgically Treated Gastric Cancers in 2023.

Purpose: Since 1995, the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA) has been periodically conducting nationwide surveys on patients with surgically treated gastric cancer. This study details the results of the survey conducted in 2023.

Materials And Methods: The survey was conducted from March to December 2024 using a standardized case report form.

Impact of Lookback Duration on the Performance of a Claims-Based Frailty Proxy in Women With Stage I-III Breast Cancer.

Background: Frailty is an important prognostic indicator in older women with breast cancer. The Faurot frailty index, a validated claims-based frailty proxy measure, uses healthcare billing codes during a user-specified ascertainment window to predict frailty. We assessed how the duration of frailty ascertainment affected the ability of the Faurot frailty index to predict one-year mortality in women with stage I-II breast cancer.

Effectiveness of Buspirone in Alleviating Anxiety Symptoms in Patients with Depressive Disorder: A Multicenter Prospective Observational Study in Korea.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of buspirone as an adjunctive therapy for alleviating anxiety symptoms in patients with depressive disorders who are already taking antidepressants.

Methods: This was an open-label prospective multicenter non-interventional observational study conducted over 12 weeks. We enrolled 180 patients diagnosed with depressive disorders according to DSM-5 criteria and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores ≥ 18.

Effects of Phytoncide Inhalation on Stroop Task Performance in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: An fNIRS Pilot Study.

Objective: : Several studies have reported the therapeutic effects of phytoncides on various mental disorders. However, little is known about the therapeutic effects of phytoncides on mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of dementia. In this pilot study, we aimed to clarify the effect of inhaled phytoncides on the cognitive function of patients clinically diagnosed with MCI.

Modeling of Composition and Channel Length-Dependent Transient Characteristics in Short-Channel IGZO Field-Effect Transistors.

In this study, we analyze the characteristics of fast transient drain current () in IGZO-based field-effect transistors (FETs) with different composition ratios (device O: ratio of 1:1:1 for In, Ga, Zn, device G: ratio of 0.307:0.39:0.

Metabolomic characterisation of the glioblastoma invasive margin reveals a region-specific signature.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) is characterised by a heterogeneous genetic landscape resulting from dynamic competition between tumour subclones to survive selective pressures. Improvements in metabolite identification and metabolome coverage have led to increased interest in clinically relevant applications of metabolomics. Here, we use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gene expression microarray to profile integrated intratumour metabolic heterogeneity, as a direct functional readout of adaptive responses of subclones to the tumour microenvironment.

Constipation and risk of death and cardiovascular events in patients on hemodialysis.

Background: Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder and is often accompanied by alteration in the gut microbiota. Recently, several studies have disclosed its association with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population. Despite the high prevalence of constipation, data on the clinical impact of constipation in patients with chronic kidney disease are limited.

Super-photostable organic dye for long-term live-cell single-protein imaging.

Organic dyes play a crucial role in live-cell imaging because of their advantageous properties, such as photostability and high brightness. Here we introduce a super-photostable and bright organic dye, Phoenix Fluor 555 (PF555), which exhibits an order-of-magnitude longer photobleaching lifetime than conventional organic dyes without the requirement of any anti-photobleaching additives. PF555 is an asymmetric cyanine structure in which, on one side, the indole in the conventional Cyanine-3 is substituted with 3-oxo-quinoline.