Adolescent Executive Dysfunction in Daily Life: Relationships to Risks, Brain Structure and Substance Use.

During adolescence, problems reflecting cognitive, behavioral and affective dysregulation, such as inattention and emotional dyscontrol, have been observed to be associated with substance use disorder (SUD) risks and outcomes. Prior studies have typically been with small samples, and have typically not included comprehensive measurement of executive dysfunction domains. The relationships of executive dysfunction in daily life with performance based testing of cognitive skills and structural brain characteristics, thought to be the basis for executive functioning, have not been definitively determined.

Saliva affects the antifungal activity of exogenously added histatin 3 towards Candida albicans.

Antifungal activity of histatin 3 against two Candida albicans clinical isolates was determined in assays containing rabbit submandibular gland saliva. Histatin 3 inhibited the cell growth and germination of both isolates dose-dependently (10-100 microg ml(-1)) with maximum inhibition occurring after 60 min incubation. Adding fresh histatin 3 after 60 min caused further reduction in the viable cell count.

Binding, internalisation and degradation of histatin 3 in histatin-resistant derivatives of Candida albicans.

The antifungal mechanism of salivary histatin has been studied in Candida albicans and involves binding to a specific receptor, translocation across the membrane and targeting intracellularly. Cell death correlates with non-lytic release of ATP that may function as a cytotoxic mediator extracellularly. By sequential exposure to increasing concentrations of histatin 3, we generated histatin-resistant derivatives of C.

Susceptibility of Candida dubliniensis to salivary histatin 3.

Candida dubliniensis is a recently described Candida species associated with oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and patients with AIDS. The majority of C. dubliniensis clinical isolates tested to date are susceptible to the commonly used antifungal drugs, including fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B.

Inhibition of monoamine oxidase modulates the behaviour of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO).

The specific activity and kinetic behaviour of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.

A comparative study on the inhibition of human and bacterial kynureninase by novel bicyclic kynurenine analogues.

A series of novel bicyclic analogues of kynurenine were synthesised as inhibitors of kynureninase. The tryptophan-induced bacterial enzyme from Pseudomonas. fluorescens was compared to the constitutive recombinant human enzyme expressed in a baculovirus/insect cell system, with regard to their inhibition by these compounds.

Studies on the behaviour of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor tranylcypromine.

The possibility that increased levels of the activity of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) might, to some extent, compensate for the loss of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the atypical form of Norrie Disease, was examined using the rat as a model. Long-term treatment with the MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine (1 mg/kg/day) resulted in sustained inhibition of MAO-A and MAO-B activities in liver and brain. After one week, the SSAO activity in heart had increased by 79% above the control levels.