ACR Appropriateness Criteria® posttreatment follow-up of prostate cancer.

Although prostate cancer can be effectively treated, recurrent or residual disease after therapy is not uncommon and is usually detected by a rise in prostate-specific antigen. Patients with biochemical prostate-specific antigen relapse should undergo a prompt search for the presence of local recurrence or distant metastatic disease, each requiring different forms of therapy. Various imaging modalities and image-guided procedures may be used in the evaluation of these patients.

Nuclear medicine technologists and unauthorized self-injections.

An Office of Investigation (OI) investigation by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) determined that, on three separate occasions over the past 10 years, technologists in one licensed nuclear medicine program were injected with radiopharmaceuticals without Authorized User knowledge or approval.

Radiation dose from DXA scanning to reproductive tissues of females.

The objective of this study was to use an anatomically arrayed whole-body phantom to measure radiation exposure to the ovaries and uterus during standard dual-energy Xray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. DXA instrument manufacturers' published entrance skin exposure is about 3 mR (0.77 microC/kg), which is equivalent to the radiation exposure received during a transcontinental plane trip.

Modifiable determinants of bone status in young women.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contributions of exercise, fitness, body composition, and calcium intake during adolescence to peak bone mineral density and bone structural measurements in young women. University Hospital and 75 healthy, white females in the longitudinal Penn State Young Women's Health Study were included. Body composition, total body, and hip bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), exercise scores by sports-exercise questionnaire during ages 12-18 years, and estimated aerobic capacity by bike ergometry.

Adolescent Caucasian mothers have reduced adult hip bone density.

Objective: To determine the long-term effect of full term teen pregnancy on peak hip bone mineral density.

Design: Longitudinal observational study.

Setting: Academic clinical research center.

Oral contraceptive use by teenage women does not affect peak bone mass: a longitudinal study.

Objective: To determine the effect of oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use during adolescence on peak bone mass.

Design: Longitudinal observational study.

Setting: Academic clinical research center.

Adult female hip bone density reflects teenage sports-exercise patterns but not teenage calcium intake.

Objective: To examine how cumulative teenage sports histories and time-averaged teenage calcium intake are related to total body bone mineral gain between ages 12 and 18 years and to proximal femur bone mineral density (BMD) at age 18 years. Design. Longitudinal.

Bone status among postmenopausal women with different habitual caffeine intakes: a longitudinal investigation.

Objective: Caffeine consumption has been proposed as a risk factor for bone loss in postmenopausal women. Past epidemiologic studies on caffeine and bone have been confounded by covariates including cigarette and alcohol use, differing levels of physical activity and hormone replacement therapy. The purpose of the study was to use a longitudinal design to determine the relationship between habitual dietary caffeine intake and postmenopausal bone status.

Dietary caffeine intake is not correlated with adolescent bone gain.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine whether dietary caffeine consumed by American white females between ages 12 to 18 affects total body bone mineral gain during ages 12 to 18 or affects hip bone density measured at age 18.

Methods: The Penn State Young Women's Health Study is a longitudinal investigation of bone, endocrine and cardiovascular health in non-Hispanic, white, teenage women. Nutrient and food group intakes were obtained by averaging over 6 years of prospective diet records.

Body composition development of adolescent white females: the Penn State Young Women's Health Study.

Objective: To obtain simultaneous and longitudinal measures of height, weight, total body bone mineral content, total body bone mineral density, percentage of body fat, lean body mass, and body mass index in healthy white females between the ages of 11 and 18 years.

Design: A longitudinal, observational study.

Setting: University medical center in a small city.

Dietary caffeine intake and bone status of postmenopausal women.

Dietary caffeine intake has been suggested as a risk factor for bone loss in postmenopausal women. We measured the bone density of both hips and the total body in 138 healthy, postmenopausal women aged 55-70 y who had either never used hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or had used HRT for < 1 y. In this cross-sectional study, participants were stratified according to their reported current and long-time caffeinated beverage use into one of three groups: low [0-2 cups (180 mL, or 6 oz per cup) caffeinated coffee per day], moderate (3-4 cups caffeinated coffee per day), or high (> or = 5 cups caffeinated coffee per day).

Quantitative aspiration during sleep in normal subjects.

Study Objective: To determine the within-subject variability and to estimate the quantity of occult aspiration of nasopharyngeal secretions during sleep in normal humans.

Design: Prospective duplicate full-night sleep studies.

Setting: Pulmonary sleep laboratory, university hospital.

Technetium-99m-MAG3 scintigraphy in acute renal failure after transplantation: a marker of viability and prognosis.

Unlabelled: This study assessed 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) for determination of renal transplant prognosis for recovery in patients with early postoperative dysfunction. The postulate tested was that good tracer extraction may imply high likelihood of recovery, while poor extraction may confer a poor prognosis.

Methods: A 2-min image acquired 1 min after MAG3 administration, named a cortical uptake phase (CUP) image, was visually analyzed according to standardized semiquantitative guidelines.

The effect of calcium supplementation and Tanner stage on bone density, content and area in teenage women.

One hundred and twelve Caucasian girls, 11.9 +/- 0.5 years of age at entry, were randomized into a 24-month, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral content, bone area and bone density.

Tc-99m MAG3 renography in renal vein thrombosis secondary to Finnish-type congenital nephrotic syndrome.

Scintigraphic findings in renal vein thrombosis (RVT) have been well described on studies performed with Tc-99m DPTA, Tc-99m glucoheptonate, and I-131 orthoiodohippurate. The authors could find no reports of RVT findings on Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) imaging. Tc-99m MAG3 renal scintigraphy in an infant with RVT because of Finnish-type congenital nephrotic syndrome is described.