Determination of total folates in infant formula and adult nutritionals by trienzyme extraction and UPLC-MS/MS Quantitation: First Action 2011.06.

The method for "Determination of Total Folates in Infant Formula and Adult Nutritionals by Trienzyme Extraction and UPLC-MS/MS Quantitation" was submitted to the Folate Working Group for consideration for adoption as Official First Action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL. This method uses ultra performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to determine the total folates in infant formulas and adult nutritionals after trienzyme digestion. Deconjugation of the various folate polyglutamates to folate monoglutamates is achieved by using rat plasma conjugase after the sample digestion with protease and a-amylase during the trienzyme digestion process.

Predictive risk assessment for major amputation after tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis.

Background: Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis using a nail has been shown to be an effective salvage technique; however, there is a risk of major amputation. A better understanding of the relative risk of amputation after TTC fusion and the factors that influence this could help the preoperative consultation and guide discussion on the economics of limb salvage.

Methods: One hundred seventy-nine limbs were treated with TTC fusion with an intramedullary nail.

FIRST: Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular Ultrasound Relationship Study.

Objectives: FIRST (Fractional Flow Reserve and Intravascular Ultrasound Relationship Study) aimed to determine the optimal minimum lumen area (MLA) by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) that correlates with fractional flow reserve (FFR) and to assess the correlation between virtual histology IVUS and FFR for intermediate coronary lesions.

Background: FFR is considered the gold standard for assessing intermediate coronary lesions. Measurements of ≤0.

Examining the Behaviour subscale of the Hypoglycaemia Fear Survey: an international study.

Aims: The Hypoglycemia Fear Survey (HFS)-II Behaviour and Worry subscales were developed to measure behaviours and anxiety related to hypoglycaemia in diabetes. However, previous studies found lower reliability in the HFS Behaviour subscale and inconsistent relationships with glucose control. The purpose of this study was to conduct extensive analyses of the internal structure of the HFS Behaviour subscale's internal structure and its relationships with diabetes outcomes, including HbA1c and episodes of severe hypoglycaemia.

The Birth of Miles Henry DeVries.

In this birth story, a second-time mother relates her experience of birthing her son at home after her daughter was born via cesarean surgery. Support from the International Cesarean Awareness Network, as well as a home birth midwife specializing in vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC), made the dream of a vaginal birth a reality for this mom. This story highlights the importance of having a supportive care provider and laboring in a safe and comfortable environment when pursuing a VBAC.

Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring during diabetic pregnancy (GlucoMOMS trial); a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with poor perinatal outcome. Even if pregnant women with diabetes are monitored according to current guidelines, they do much worse than their normoglycaemic counterparts, marked by increased risks of pre-eclampsia, macrosomia, and caesarean section amongst others. Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) is a new method providing detailed information on daily fluctuations, used to optimize glucose control.

On the use of the Horwitz Ratio (HorRat) as an acceptance criterion for dietary fiber collaborative studies.

The quest for optimum methodology for any analyte often includes a study of the method in multiple independent laboratories. Evaluation of the results of these studies is typically subjective; however, various attempts have been made to increase the objectivity of the evaluation. Among the objective propositions is the use of the Horwitz Ratio (HorRat) as applied to collaborative study statistics.

Real-time improvement of continuous glucose monitoring accuracy: the smart sensor concept.

Objective: Reliability of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors is key in several applications. In this work we demonstrate that real-time algorithms can render CGM sensors smarter by reducing their uncertainty and inaccuracy and improving their ability to alert for hypo- and hyperglycemic events.

Research Design And Methods: The smart CGM (sCGM) sensor concept consists of a commercial CGM sensor whose output enters three software modules, able to work in real time, for denoising, enhancement, and prediction.

Agility to INBONE: anterior and posterior approaches to the difficult revision total ankle replacement.

Total ankle replacement is now acknowledged as a viable alternative to ankle arthrodesis for end-stage ankle arthritis. The authors present a series of 14 patients who were converted from the Agility total ankle replacement to an INBONE total ankle replacement. This report is unique in that anterior and posterior approaches are discussed and detailed.

Rate of hypoglycemia in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes can be predicted from glycemic variability data.

Background: We set out to study the relationship between different measures of glycemic variability and the rate of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Subjects And Methods: Data were pooled from three 24-week insulin trials including patients on twice-daily (BID) insulin lispro mix 75/25 (75% insulin lispro protamine suspension, 25% insulin lispro) (n=805), daily (QD) insulin glargine (n=1,019), insulin lispro protamine suspension (n=353) (QD or BID), and insulin detemir (n=166) (QD or BID), all with continuation of prestudy oral antihyperglycemic medications. Glycemic variability measures were derived from seven-point self-monitored blood glucose profiles.

Bilateral parotid duct transposition for keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a Connemara stallion.

A 7-year-old Connemara stallion was presented with a 4 month history of blepharospasm, recurrent corneal ulcerations, mucopurulent ocular discharge, and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in both eyes unresponsive to medical therapy. Ophthalmic examination revealed lackluster corneas, axial corneal scarring and pigmentation with associated neovascularization, and absolute KCS in both eyes. Computed tomography scan and endoscopic evaluation of the upper airway and guttural pouches revealed no structural abnormalities to indicate neurogenic KCS.

Feasibility of a bihormonal closed-loop system to control postexercise and postprandial glucose excursions.

Background: The aim of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of a bihormonal (glucagon and insulin) closed-loop (CL) system by challenging the system with two meals and 30 min exercise.

Methods: Ten patients with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion underwent a standardized protocol on three different occasions: 40 g carbohydrate breakfast followed 2 h later by 30 min of moderate-intensity exercise, followed 1.5 h later by a standardized 60 g carbohydrate lunch.

Continuous glucose monitoring accuracy results vary between assessment at home and assessment at the clinical research center.

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) accuracy is of critical importance both in delivering therapeutic value and as a component of a closed-loop system. This study aims at assessing the differences between accuracy assessments of CGMS at home and at the clinical research center (CRC).

Methods: Twelve patients with type 1 diabetes used the Dexcom® SEVEN® PLUS (DexCom, Inc.

Making choices: ethics and vegetarianism.

I was seventeen and taking an elective course in Earth and Environmental Science. We were learning about farming and the food system—genetic modification, land use, organic labeling—when our teacher assigned us an article about beef. The article explained the following process: the U.

Determination of insoluble, soluble, and total dietary fiber (CODEX definition) by enzymatic-gravimetric method and liquid chromatography: collaborative study.

A method for the determination of insoluble (IDF), soluble (SDF), and total dietary fiber (TDF), as defined by the CODEX Alimentarius, was validated in foods. Based upon the principles of AOAC Official Methods 985.29, 991.

Glucose variability and mortality in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Mean blood glucose (BG) during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important predictor of inpatient mortality but does not capture glucose variability (GV), which has been shown to be independently associated with mortality in critically ill patients. Whether GV is associated with in-hospital mortality during AMI, after accounting for mean BG, is unknown.

Methods And Results: We analyzed 18 563 consecutive patients with AMI with ≥3 BGs in the first 48 hours admitted to 61 US hospitals from 2000 to 2008.

Determination of vitamin A (retinol) in infant formula and adult nutritionals by liquid chromatography: First Action 2011.15.

During the "Standards Development and International Harmonization: AOAC INTERNATIONAL Mid-Year Meeting," held on June 29, 2011, an Expert Review Panel (ERP) reviewed the method for the "Determination of Vitamins A (Retinol) and E (alpha-Tocopherol) in Foods by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study," published by Jonathan W. DeVries and Karlene R. Silvera in J.

Real World Application of Stenting of Unprotected Left Main Coronary Stenosis: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: The aim of this study was to summarize our single-center real-world experience with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) stenting of unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA). PCI-stenting of the ULMCA, while controversial, is emerging as an alternative to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in select patients and clinical situations.

Methods: Between January 2005 and December 2008, PCI-stenting was performed on 125 patients with ULMCA lesions at our institution.

Sequential intensification of metformin treatment in type 2 diabetes with liraglutide followed by randomized addition of basal insulin prompted by A1C targets.

Objective: We evaluated the addition of liraglutide to metformin in type 2 diabetes followed by intensification with basal insulin (detemir) if glycated hemoglobin (A1C) ≥7%.

Research Design And Methods: In 988 participants from North America and Europe uncontrolled on metformin ± sulfonylurea, sulfonylurea was discontinued and liraglutide 1.8 mg/day added for 12 weeks (run-in).

A retrospective comparative analysis of Charcot ankle stabilization using an intramedullary rod with or without application of circular external fixator--utilization of the Retrograde Arthrodesis Intramedullary Nail database.

Brodsky type 3a Charcot destruction of the ankle is devastating to patients. The authors have surgically stabilized this deformity with the use of an intramedullary arthrodesis nail, and explore the usefulness of adjunctive application of a circular external fixator. Fifty-two patients were treated with retrograde intramedullary nail with and without circular external fixation.

The effect of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-2 in revision tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis: utilization of the Retrograde Arthrodesis Intramedullary Nail database.

The use of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been recommended for high-risk fusions and nonunion. Patients undergoing revisional tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis via a retrograde arthrodesis nail to evaluate the influence of BMP-2 on rate of fusion in this high-risk population are presented. A retrospective chart and radiographic review were performed on 23 patients with failed prior fusion attempts at the ankle treated with retrograde intramedullary nailing.

Early neurodegeneration in the retina of type 2 diabetic patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether diabetes type 2 causes thinning of retinal layers as a sign of neurodegeneration and to investigate the possible relationship between this thinning and duration of diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy (DR) status, age, sex, and glycemic control (HbA1c).

Methods: Mean layer thickness was calculated for retinal layers following automated segmentation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography images of diabetic patients with no or minimal DR and compared with controls. To determine the relationship between layer thickness and diabetes duration, DR status, age, sex, and HbA1c, a multiple linear regression analysis was used.