Herpes zoster burden in patients with asthma: real-world incidence, healthcare resource utilisation and cost.

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is a painful condition caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. The objectives of this study were to compare HZ incidence in adults with asthma versus adults without asthma and to compare healthcare resource use as well as direct costs in adults with HZ and asthma versus adults with asthma alone in the USA.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included adults aged ≥18 years across the USA.

Interference of gastrointestinal barriers with antibiotic susceptibility of foodborne pathogens: an in vitro case study of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline against Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) assays are often questioned for their representativeness. Especially when foodborne pathogens are tested, it is of crucial importance to also consider parameters of the human digestive system. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the inhibitory capacity of two antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, against Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes, under representative environmental conditions.

Characterizing the treatment patterns, medication burden, and patient demographics of older adults with major depressive disorder treated with antidepressants with or without selected comorbidities.

Objective: Evaluate clinical characteristics, comorbidity burden, major depressive disorder (MDD)-related healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), medication burden, and antidepressant treatment (ADT) patterns among older adults with MDD with and without selected comorbidities.

Methods: Using Komodo's Healthcare Map claims data (1/1/2016-9/30/2022), patients with MDD (≥65 years) treated with ADTs were assessed 24 months preceding (baseline) and 12 months following (follow-up) first observed ADT prescription fill (index). Patients were separated into cohorts of those with ≥1 of 5 selected comorbidities and those without.

Economic and Clinical Burden of Herpes Zoster Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States.

Background: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ); however, relevant cost and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) data are limited.

Methods: We estimated HCRU (hospitalization, emergency department [ED], and outpatient visits) and costs in patients with UC or CD, with and without HZ, using administrative claims data (October 2015-February 2020). HCRU and costs (2020 US dollars) were compared at 1 month, 1 quarter, and 1 year after the index date, using propensity score adjustment and generalized linear models.

Clinical and Economic Burden of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Administrative Claims.

Objective: To estimate the incremental healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and cost burden posed by herpes zoster (HZ) in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the United States.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using an administrative claims database containing commercial and Medicare Advantage with Part D data, between October 2015 and February 2020. Patients with RA and HZ (RA+/HZ+) or RA without HZ (RA+/HZ-) were identified based on diagnosis codes and relevant medications.

Incidence and risk of herpes zoster in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in the USA.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ). We evaluated the incidence of HZ in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients and compared this with HZ incidence in a non-IBD population.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (GSK study identifier: VEO-000043) of adults aged ≥18 years with UC and CD and without IBD who were identified from claims recorded in a US healthcare database between October 2015 and February 2020.

Incidence of Herpes Zoster in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with the general population in the USA.

Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study used data from an administrative claims database containing both commercial and Medicare Advantage Part D data, with a data period from October 2015 to February 2020. Patients were aged ≥ 18 years and divided into 2 cohorts: patients with RA and patients without RA.

Patients use more topical medication when the medications come in a larger container.

Introduction: Research shows that individuals consume more calories when provided with a larger portion size. It is unclear if similar behavior translates to topical medication use. The impact of container size and provider instructions on patient usage of topical medications has yet to be assessed.

Fair chances and hard work? Families making sense of inequality and opportunity in 21st-century Britain.

In British social mobility discourse, the rhetoric of fair access can obscure wider issues of social justice. While socio-economic inequalities continue to shape young people's lives, sociological work on class dis-identification suggests social class is less obviously meaningful as a source of individual and collective identity. This paper considers subjective understandings of the post-16 education and employment landscape in this context, drawing on qualitative research exploring the aspirations of young men and women as they completed compulsory education in north-west England, and the hopes their parents had for their future.

Barriers to treatment: describing them from a different perspective.

Background: Poor adherence is the result of many barriers. Most of the adherence research has focused on the patients' hurdles to adherence, instead of the responsibility the physician has for assuring adherence to treatment.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to identify barriers to medication adherence and refocus how we describe those barriers in terms of physician behavior hurdles.

A report on an acute, in-hours, outpatient review clinic with ultrasonography facilities for the early evaluation of general surgical patients.

Introduction In 2013 our hospital introduced an in-hours, consultant-led, outpatient acute surgical clinic (ASC) for emergency general surgical patients. In 2014 this clinic was equipped with a dedicated ultrasonography service. This prospective cohort study evaluated this service before and after the introduction of ultrasonography facilities.

Capitals, assets, and resources: some critical issues.

This paper explores the potential of Bourdieu's approach to capital as a way of understanding class dynamics in contemporary capitalism. Recent rethinking of class analysis has sought to move beyond what Rosemary Crompton (1998) calls the 'employment aggregate approach', one which involves categorizing people into class groups according to whether they have certain attributes (e.g.