Patient preferences for treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Choosing between revision endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) versus biologic therapy for recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is a complex, multifaceted decision that involves not only clinical and financial factors but also patient preferences. Currently, there are no quantitative studies investigating patient preferences for CRSwNP treatment options. Increased awareness of patient-centered approaches to treatment warrant further investigation.

Updates on Methods for Body Composition Analysis: Implications for Clinical Practice.

Background: Recent technological advances have introduced novel methods for measuring body composition, each with unique benefits and limitations. The choice of method often depends on the trade-offs between accuracy, cost, participant burden, and the ability to measure specific body composition compartments.

Objective: To review the considerations of cost, accuracy, portability, and participant burden in reference and emerging body composition assessment methods, and to evaluate their clinical applicability.

Real-world mepolizumab treatment in patients with severe asthma decreased exacerbations, oral corticosteroid use, and healthcare resource utilization and costs over 4 years: a retrospective analysis.

Objective: Although the efficacy of mepolizumab in reducing exacerbations and oral corticosteroid (OCS) use in severe asthma is well-established, real-world long-term effectiveness data are limited. This study evaluated the real-world impact of mepolizumab treatment in patients with severe asthma over a 4-year follow-up period.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with asthma initiating mepolizumab (index date: first claim, November 2015-September 2019) using the Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Databases.

Intravitreal steroid-associated central serous chorioretinopathy.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a known side effect of systemic steroid therapy. The role of intravitreal steroids in causing CSC is controversial. We present two cases of acute CSC that developed after intravitreal steroid injections.

Withaferin A inhibits Chikungunya virus nsP2 protease and shows antiviral activity in the cell culture and mouse model of virus infection.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus causing fever, myalgia, and debilitating joint swelling and pain, which in many patients becomes chronic. The frequent epidemics of CHIKV across the world pose a significant public health burden necessitating the development of effective antiviral therapeutics. A cellular imaging-based high-content screening of natural compounds identified withaferin A (WFA), a steroidal lactone isolated from the plant Withania somnifera, as a potent antiviral against CHIKV.

Cross-Sectional Analyses to Assess the Clinical Safety and Effectiveness of Bisoprolol in Patients With Non-obstructive Coronary Artery Disease Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Post-hoc Analysis.

Introduction: Elevated central aortic pressure, cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance contribute to high morbidity in relation to end organ dysfunction in obstructive and non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) cases despite revascularization. Bisoprolol preempts further progression of left ventricular dysfunction in such cases due to anti-ischemic and anti-hypertensive effects, further extending its evaluation in local Indian settings.

Methods: Post-hoc analyses of NOCAD patients with epicardial stenosis (N=378, 30 to 70% stenosis) from cross-sectional analyses conducted across eighty centers in India.

Epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis in children and genetic diversity of rotavirus strains in Kolkata, West Bengal after introduction of rotavirus vaccine.

Background: Despite global rotavirus vaccination efforts, rotavirus remains a leading cause of childhood deaths from acute gastroenteritis. Post-vaccination studies in India, particularly in eastern India, have been limited, despite high prevalence of rotavirus in this region prior to vaccine introduction. This study was conducted to assess the impact of rotavirus vaccine on the epidemiology of rotavirus and other enteric viruses, as well as the changes in the diversity of rotavirus strains among children (≤5 years) with acute gastroenteritis.

Conditional ablation of MCU exacerbated cardiac pathology in a genetic arrhythmic model of CPVT.

Background: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a genetic arrhythmic syndrome caused by mutations in the calcium (Ca) release channel ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and its accessory proteins. These mutations make the channel leaky, resulting in Ca-dependent arrhythmias. Besides arrhythmias, CPVT hearts typically lack structural cardiac remodeling, a characteristic often observed in other cardiac conditions (heart failure, prediabetes) also marked by RyR2 leak.

Total alpha radioactivity in fertilizers used in the Indian state of West Bengal using CR-39 SSNTDs: Presentation of a comparative view for different types of fertilizers.

Use of fertilizers in agriculture soils is a worldwide practice to increase the yield of agricultural products. Fertilizers may contain radioactive elements may be present along with plant's nutrients in fertilizers. Migrated radioactive elements from the fertilized soils can find their entry into the environment and human body through several ways, which may lead to induce a potential radiological risk to human health.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a rare, self-limiting disorder characterized by fever typically lasting for 1 week up to 1 month and painful necrotizing lymphadenopathy, primarily affecting young adults of Asian ancestry. Although the exact cause remains unclear, infectious and autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this case series, we aim to describe the histopathological features of KFD over a ten-year period at Mount Sinai Medical Center of Florida, and review the current understanding of its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Real-world mepolizumab treatment in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis reduces disease burden in the United States.

Background: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by asthma and small/medium vessel vasculitis. Mepolizumab is approved for use in EGPA disease management alongside oral corticosteroids (OCS), but evidence of its real-world impact is limited.

Objective: To compare real-world treatment patterns and health outcomes, particularly OCS use, EGPA-related hospitalizations/relapses, and asthma exacerbations pre- and post-mepolizumab initiation in US patients with EGPA.

Antimicrobial stewardship implementation in primary and secondary tier hospitals in India: interim findings from a need assessment study using mixed method design.

Anti-microbial stewardship program (AMSP) is practiced only in tertiary hospitals in India, though, the lower tier hospitals remain the first point of contact in patient care. This study was conducted in lower tier hospitals to calculate antibiotic and multiple antibiotic prescription rate (APR, MPR) for common infections and finding existing strength of health system for optimizing antibiotic prescription. We conducted a cross sectional convergent parallel mix-method study in eight lower tier hospitals of three districts of West Bengal, India.

Bone-marrow macrophage-derived GPNMB protein binds to orphan receptor GPR39 and plays a critical role in cardiac repair.

Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type I transmembrane protein initially identified in nonmetastatic melanomas and has been associated with human heart failure; however, its role in cardiac injury and function remains unclear. Here we show that GPNMB expression is elevated in failing human and mouse hearts after myocardial infarction (MI). Lineage tracing and bone-marrow transplantation reveal that bone-marrow-derived macrophages are the main source of GPNMB in injured hearts.

A humanized monoclonal antibody targeting an ectonucleotidase rescues cardiac metabolism and heart function after myocardial infarction.

Myocardial infarction (MI) results in aberrant cardiac metabolism, but no therapeutics have been designed to target cardiac metabolism to enhance heart repair. We engineer a humanized monoclonal antibody against the ectonucleotidase ENPP1 (hENPP1mAb) that targets metabolic crosstalk in the infarcted heart. In mice expressing human ENPP1, systemic administration of hENPP1mAb metabolically reprograms myocytes and non-myocytes and leads to a significant rescue of post-MI heart dysfunction.

Eosinophil count testing in patients with asthma varies by healthcare provider type in the US: a retrospective study.

Background: Patients with asthma with an eosinophilic phenotype may be eligible for additional treatment options to improve disease control; however, the prevalence and frequency of eosinophil testing is unknown. This study assessed blood eosinophil count testing prevalence in patients with asthma by exacerbation frequency and healthcare provider (HCP) type.

Methods: This was a retrospective, longitudinal, real-world study (GSK ID: 214470) utilizing the Merative Explorys Universe electronic health records database.

Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation of an Entrepreneurship, Biomedical Innovation, and Design Pathway in a School of Medicine Curriculum.

Background: New educational curricula are emerging to train physicians to practice healthcare in the 21 century. The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School T.H.

Modulating the extracellular matrix to treat wound healing defects in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (cEDS) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue that is characterized by mutations in genes coding type V collagen. Wound healing defects are characteristic of cEDS and no therapeutic strategies exist. Herein we describe a murine model of cEDS that phenocopies wound healing defects seen in humans.

Contribution of veterinary sector to antimicrobial resistance in One Health compendium: an insight from available Indian evidence.

The application of antibiotics in the poultry and veterinary sectors is very common practice in India. Owing to the seriousness of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the present study has illustrated the overall scenario of AMR in the poultry and veterinary sectors in India through an in-depth scoping review and key informant interview (KII). In the poultry sector, most of the studies reviewed have reported resistant bacteria isolated from chicken meat, eggs, cloacal swabs, and fecal samples, and only a few have reported the presence of resistant bacteria in and around the environment of poultry farms.

The Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Orchids Mycobiont and Orchids.

Background: In nature, orchid plants are obligate myco-heterotrophs, and rely on mycorrhizal nutrient resources to grow and sustain in the wild, until they become physiologically active photosynthetic plants. Their seeds lack nutrient reserves and receive the necessary carbon from symbiotic fungi during germination. A mycorrhizal fungus provides nutrients, especially sugars, as well as water to the corresponding host plant.

Integrating the quintuple helix approach into atmospheric microplastics management policies for planetary health preservation.

Microplastic pollution has become a major global environmental issue, negatively impacting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems as well as human health. Tackling this complex problem necessitates a multidisciplinary approach and collaboration among diverse stakeholders. Within this context, the Quintuple Helix framework, which highlights the involvement of academia, government, industry, civil society, and the environment, provides a comprehensive and inclusive perspective for formulating effective policies to manage atmospheric microplastics.

Revving up a Designed Copper Nitrite Reductase Using Non-Coded Active Site Ligands.

Herein, we report a three stranded coiled-coil (3SCC) protein containing a type II copper center (CuT2) composed of 6-membered ring N-heterocycles. This design yields the most active homogenous copper nitrite reductase (CuNiR) mimic in water. We achieved this result by controlling three factors.